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Renal Disease; Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Usually there are no symptoms, but there may be weakness and the effects of cardiac arrhythmias. Ultimately, ventricular arrhythmias and ventricular fibrillation can cause a cardiac arrest.
Holter and Event Monitor Laboratory Setup
Published in Andrea Natale, Oussama M. Wazni, Kalyanam Shivkumar, Francis E. Marchlinski, Handbook of Cardiac Electrophysiology, 2020
Roy Chung, Daniel Cantillon, Mina K. Chung
Cardiac arrhythmias are common, ranging from benign ectopic atrial or ventricular beats to atrial fibrillation or flutter, complete heart block, or ventricular tachycardia. Some of these are paroxysmal and not routinely identified through history or 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG). Some ventricular ectopies reflect triggered activity and can be intermittent or clustered. Therefore, daily event monitoring rather than an isolated ECG recording can provide higher yield.
Swarm Intelligence and Evolutionary Algorithms for Heart Disease Diagnosis
Published in Sandeep Kumar, Anand Nayyar, Anand Paul, Swarm Intelligence and Evolutionary Algorithms in Healthcare and Drug Development, 2019
Cardiac arrhythmias (CA): This cardiovascular disease is caused due to abnormality in the heart beat rhythm. The characteristics of arrhythmias are (1) increased heart beat rhythm greater than 100bpm; (2) decrease in the heart beat rhythm less than 60bpm; (3) asynchronous functioning of heart chambers; and (4) irregular rate of heart pumping. The health conditions that result due to cardiac arrhythmias are (1) decrease in the performance of hemodynamics; (2) natural cardiac pacemaker exhibits abnormal pumping rate; (3) blood conduction process interruption due to blockage of blood vessel pathways; and (4) random heart part takes self-alternative responsibility to control pumping rate of blood.
Comparison of different QT correction methods for nonclinical safety assessment in ketamine-anesthetized Indian rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2023
Laxit K. Bhatt, Chitrang R. Shah, Rajesh J. Patel, Shital D. Patel, Sudhir R. Patel, Vipul A. Patel, Jitendra H. Patel, Pankaj Dwivedi, Niraj A. Shah, Rajesh S. Sundar, Mukul R. Jain
Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are an important noninvasive tool for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy and cardiac arrhythmias. Torsades de Pointes (TdP) is an important cardiac arrhythmia type of concern that can lead to sudden death. TdP, a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, is characterized by a long QT interval. Lengthening of QT interval causes prolongation of repolarization followed by early after-depolarizations, ultimately, leading to arrhythmias. Drug-induced TdP is caused by certain classes of antiarrhythmic drugs (Class Ia, Ic or III), tricyclic antidepressants, certain antivirals and antifungals (Yap and Camm 2003; Al-Khatib et al. 2003; Li and Ramos 2017). The ability of a drug to induce TdP in humans is difficult to predict in animal studies (Chaves et al. 2006; Guth 2007). Hence, electrocardiographic evaluation of QT interval prolongation is used as an indicator of arrhythmic risk in preclinical testing (Guideline ICH S7A 2001; Guideline ICH S7B 2005).
A review of arrhythmia detection based on electrocardiogram with artificial intelligence
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Jinlei Liu, Zhiyuan Li, Yanrui Jin, Yunqing Liu, Chengliang Liu, Liqun Zhao, Xiaojun Chen
According to the American Heart Association statistics, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become the primary cause of death in the world [1]. Due to irregular and unhealthy lifestyles, patients with CVDs tend to become younger. The early symptoms of most CVDs are irregular heartbeats, also known as arrhythmia. Arrhythmia is generated by the disordered electrical activity of the heart, and some arrhythmia such as ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) can be life-threatening [2]. In addition, atrial fibrillation (AF), atrial flutter (AFL), premature ventricular contraction (PVC), premature atrial contraction (PAC), paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), and bradycardia are also common types of arrhythmia [3]. Therefore, rapid detection and accurate diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmia are particularly essential.
Gene therapy to terminate tachyarrhythmias
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2022
Kohei Kawajiri, Kensuke Ihara, Tetsuo Sasano
Gene therapy targeting cardiac arrhythmias has been studied for many years, but few clinical applications have been made. Currently, the most commonly used treatments for cardiac arrhythmia are antiarrhythmic drugs, ablative therapy, and implantable devices. Antiarrhythmic drugs, which have been studied for a long time, have shown some efficacy in treating tachyarrhythmias [1]. Ablative therapy is making progress and is particularly effective in treating paroxysmal and early stage of supraventricular arrhythmias [2]. Implantable devices are used to prevent sudden death [3,4]. However, it is difficult to treat all arrhythmias effectively with these therapies [5]. In particular, persistent atrial fibrillation (AF), which is often encountered in daily practice, is difficult to treat using the methods listed above [6], and the treatment of catheter ablation or antiarrhythmic drugs may lead to iatrogenic arrhythmias [7–9]. Once implanted, Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators (ICDs) are effective in preventing sudden death from ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF), but it is difficult to treat the arrhythmia itself and suppress its onset. It can also cause device infections in the long term [10].