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Oxygen Therapy in Trauma
Published in Kajal Jain, Nidhi Bhatia, Acute Trauma Care in Developing Countries, 2023
Shyam Charan Meena, Rajeev Chauhan, Ankur Luthra
It is believed that in the absence of hypoxaemia, supplemental oxygen will reduce shortness of breath. There is no evidence that oxygen is beneficial for patients with normoxia (normal arterial oxygen concentration) or very mild hypoxaemia. In addition to cardiovascular disease, there are many causes for shortness of breath, including anxiety, pain and metabolic acidosis. In these cases, oxygen therapy is not always required.
Leg Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
The pain may manifest at the posterior tibia. Patients often have other presentations such as sudden shortness of breath, chest pain that worsens when taking a deep breath or cough, lightheadedness or dizziness or fainting, and coughing up blood.
Community- and Home-Based Rehabilitation of COVID-19
Published in Wenguang Xia, Xiaolin Huang, Rehabilitation from COVID-19, 2021
If the symptoms of shortness of breath, polypnea, and fatigue are obvious and cannot be relieved in a short time, the patient can take advantage of oxygen therapy in the home, such as with the help of a home oxygen generator or a noninvasive ventilator. A noninvasive ventilator with an increased humidification function has better tolerance and patient compliance, increasing alveolar ventilation capacity, improving spontaneous breathing, reducing respiratory power consumption, and improving sleep quality and quality of life.
Pathophysiology and clinical evaluation of the patient with unexplained persistent dyspnea
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2022
Andi Hudler, Fernando Holguin, Meghan Althoff, Anne Fuhlbrigge, Sunita Sharma
This review primarily focuses on patients in whom dyspnea is unexplained and has persisted for weeks to months, and frequently longer. Because the sensation of shortness of breath is subjective and heavily influenced by emotional, psychological, experiential, and contextual factors [1,21], it is imperative to have the patient describe what he or she means by having shortness of breath as these qualitative aspects can have diagnostic value. Breathing discomfort can be described in several ways depending on the underlying pathophysiology. For example, the sensation of increased effort or work of breathing is commonly associated with increased mechanical load, such as COPD and asthma, and in patients with neuromuscular weakness. Air hunger has been associated with stimulation of chemoreceptors by hypercapnia and/or hypoxemia with increased respiratory drive, whereas dyspnea that is associated with chest tightness more specifically indicates increased bronchial constriction [1,13].
The clinical associations with cardiomegaly in patients undergoing evaluation for pulmonary hypertension
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2021
Benjamin Daines, Sanjana Rao, Omid Hosseini, Sofia Prieto, John Abdelmalek, Mohamed Elmassry, Pooja Sethi, Victor Test, Kenneth Nugent
This study included 102 patients presenting for evaluation for possible pulmonary hypertension who underwent comprehensive evaluations, including right heart catheterization. The mean age was 62.3 ± 15.0 years, 63.7% of patients were female, and 24.5% were Hispanic. Sixty-four patients (62.7%) had cardiomegaly based on chest radiographs. There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, or ethnicity between patients with or without cardiomegaly. Ninety-one patients (89.2%) presented with shortness of breath. There was no statistically significant difference between the frequency of shortness of breath in patients with cardiomegaly compared to those without cardiomegaly. Forty-eight patients (47.1%) presented with edema peripheral edema during their initial evaluation. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of edema in patients with cardiomegaly compared to those without cardiomegaly. Common comorbidities included hypertension (73.5%), diabetes (38.2%), and obstructive sleep apnea (38.2%). There was no statistically significant association between cardiomegaly and any comorbidity. There were no statistically significant differences in systolic or diastolic blood pressures in these two groups.
Correlation between Micronutrient plasma concentration and disease severity in COVID-19 patients
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2021
Abdullah Alkattan, Khaled Alabdulkareem, Amr Kamel, Heba Abdelseed, Yousef Almutairi, Eman Alsalameen
Eighty patients diagnosed with COVID-19 had been enrolled in this study after their acceptance to participate, and blood samples were taken from them. Forty-five (45) of them were non-severe cases, and 35 were severe cases of COVID-19. The mean age was 51.54 years old, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 30 kg/m2. The percentage of Saudi patients was 54%, and 64.9% of the patients were male. The percentage of patients with non-severe cases of COVID-19 was 56.25%, and 47% of them had a fever. However, patients with severe cases were 43.75%, and 85% had a fever. There was a significant difference between non-severe and severe cases regarding fever (P-value < 0.0003). Shortness of breath (SOB) symptom was observed in 95% among severe cases and 35.3% among non-severe cases, and the difference between them was significant (P-value < 0.0001). Seventy percent (70%) of patients with severe COVID-19 conditions were older than 50 years, and 64.7% of patients with non-severe conditions were younger than 50 years (P-value < 0.0003). The percentages of diabetic and hypertensive patients in this study were 45.9% and 64.9%, respectively, and 66.6% of hypertensive patients were severe cases, where 33.3% of them were non-severe cases (P-value < 0.002). Other patients’ characteristics are shown in Table 1.