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Traumatic Cardiac Arrest
Published in Kajal Jain, Nidhi Bhatia, Acute Trauma Care in Developing Countries, 2023
Bisman Jeet Kaur, Nidhi Bhatia
Basic and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (BLS/ACLS) can occur simultaneously, provided they do not interfere with the interventions essential to manage the reversible causes of TCA. It is important to keep in mind that CPR will not be of much benefit until circulating volume is restored. Some patients may also present with medical causes of cardiac arrest. This should be considered when the mechanism of injury and the injury are not severe enough to directly attribute to cardiac arrest. In all patients with TCA, after addressing the aforementioned causes, assessment for the “4 H's and 4 T's” (hypoxia, hypovolaemia, hyper-/hypokalaemia, hypo-/hyperthermia and metabolic disorders; tension pneumothorax, tamponade, thrombosis and toxins) should be addressed and ruled out simultaneously.
Amniotic Fluid Embolism
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Zaid Diken, Antonio F. Saad, Luis D. Pacheco
The main basis of initial management of cardiac arrest is supportive care with standard resuscitative efforts; immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should be initiated as soon as possible. Since most events occur inpatient and are witnessed, blood oxygen content is initially normal; hence, high quality chest compressions are recommended before administration of rescue breathing [36].
Recognition and management of cardiopulmonary arrest
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
It is well established that adults who experience cardiac arrest usually display adverse clinical signs, usually related to airway, breathing or circulation (Kause et al. 2004; NCEPOD 2005; Findlay et al. 2012). This physiological deterioration has been shown, in many cases, to have developed over time, often involving unrecognised or inadequately treated hypoxaemia or hypotension (Kause et al. 2004; Findlay et al. 2012).
Association between Mode of Transport and Patient Outcomes in the Emergency Department following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Published in Prehospital Emergency Care, 2023
Pitsucha Sanguanwit, Kanthicha Sutthisuwan, Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen, Malivan Phontabtim, Yahya Mankong
All patients who presented with OHCA to Ramathibodi Hospital's ED were included. The patients were divided into two groups according to transportation mode. The first, the EMS group, comprised patients transported by all types of EMS: first responders, BLS, and ALS; the second group comprised non-EMS patients, transported by any non-EMS means, for example, a personal relative or colleague. In the non-EMS group, there were no prehospital procedures. Cardiac arrest was identified as an absence of pulse or no spontaneous breathing and unresponsive by a health care provider. OHCA patients who visited the Ramathibodi ED between January 1, 2008 and May 31, 2020, and were at least 18 years old, met the inclusion criteria. Patients with traumatic cardiac arrests, obvious signs of death prior to resuscitation such as rigor mortis, do-not-resuscitate (DNR) patients, and patients whose data were destroyed or missing from the Ramathibodi Hospital database and electronic medical records were excluded. Patients whose resuscitation efforts were terminated by EMS personnel with the consent of on-site family members were also excluded.
Prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcomes of hypoxic hepatitis in critically ill patients
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Sigrún Jonsdottir, Margrét B. Arnardottir, Jóhannes A. Andresson, Helgi K. Bjornsson, Sigrun H. Lund, Einar S. Bjornsson
Shock was defined by persistent arterial hypotension leading to inadequate tissue perfusion with oliguria and poor peripheral perfusion in the clinical setting of hypovolemic (hypovolemic shock), sepsis (septic shock), cardiogenic events (cardiogenic shock) and extracardiac obstruction (obstructive shock). Heart failure was defined by a history of heart failure, clinical features or impaired left and/or right ventricular function on echocardiogram. Prolonged hypotension was defined as blood pressure <75 mmHg for 15 min or use of inotropes, massive fluid resuscitation, pericardiocentesis or intra-aortic balloon pump to sustain a higher blood pressure [9]. Cardiac arrest was defined as a sudden loss of blood flow due to failure of the heart to pump effectively [13]. Cardiac arrest can occur secondary to various disease states including cardiac arrhythmia, hypoxemia and decreased cardiac perfusion caused by cardiogenic, septic or hypovolemic shock. Cardiac arrest is a major etiology of HH and its cause can be difficult to determine. Therefore, cardiac arrest was categorized as a separate entity. Hypoxic respiratory failure was defined by a partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) of <8.0 kPa (60 mmHg) in the appropriate clinical setting.
Comparison of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests Occurring in Schools and Other Public Locations: A 12-Year Retrospective Study
Published in Prehospital Emergency Care, 2022
Brian Haskins, Ziad Nehme, Jocasta Ball, Emily Mahony, Laura Parker-Stebbing, Peter Cameron, Steve Bernard, Karen Smith
This study uses the recommended definitions as per the Utstein guidelines (34). Public locations are locations to which the general public has access, including workplaces, airports, public buildings, shopping areas etc. they do not include medical clinics or nursing homes. Cardiac arrest etiology is determined from information in the patient care record and is presumed to be of cardiac origin when no other etiology or obvious cause is recorded. EMS treated patients are classified as those receiving any attempt at cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and/or defibrillation by EMS personnel and those that receive a shock from a PAD not achieving a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Bystander CPR is any attempt at chest compression by non-dispatched responders, with or without ventilations. Bystander application of an AED is the placement of AED pads without defibrillation. PAD is the delivery of a shock using a public accessible AED. ROSC is the return of a palpable pulse during the resuscitation attempt, event survival is the presence of a pulse on arrival at the hospital and survival to hospital discharge is the patients discharge from acute hospital care.