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General Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Blood vessel patterns are often seen in thermograms of the anterior neck. As the carotid and other arteries are too deep anatomically to significantly affect the skin temperature (see Figure 5.11a), it is the more superficial veins that are visible in qualitative thermograms of the neck. The most likely vessels to appear in thermograms are the external jugular veins. Large, warm neck veins may indicate venous congestion due to right heart failure or fluid overload. These dilated veins are best seen with the subject reclining at a 45-degree angle.
Pregnancy and Skin Disease
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Tugba Kevser Uzuncakmak, Ozge Askin, Yalçın Tüzün
Another problem that can develop due to venous congestion is hemorrhoids (Figure 28.2). These venous pouches, which are common during pregnancy, may be associated with constipation, high birth weight, and prolonged delivery, and they can create pain and bleeding. Treatment involves taking sitz baths, applying topical anesthetics, and following a stool softening protocol often with laxatives.
The Cardiovascular System and its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a complex syndrome in which cardiac output is insufficient, resulting in decreased blood flow to the tissues and congestion in the pulmonary and/or systemic circulation. Decrease in the ventricular filling pressure, or preload, may be caused by a reduction in the atrial "kick" of blood into the ventricle at the end of diastole, as is seen in atrialfibrillation or any other condition in which the atrial pumping is ineffective. Such decreased preload may reduce cardiac output through the loss of maximal ventricular stretching. Conversely, an increase in preload, such as in patients with venous congestion, can decrease output if cardiac contractility is compromised. And increases in afterload, the pressure on the ventricle at the end of systole, also decrease output and cardiac efficiency.
Investigating the unmet need for the treatment of tricuspid regurgitation
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2023
Ana Paula Tagliari, Maurizio Taramasso
These data make sense since, as pointed out by Sala A. et al., tricuspid valve repair or replacement is not technically demanding and surgical results are quite dependent on the baseline patient’s profile, RV function, and physiological status. Patients treated in advanced disease stages may not benefit from reduction on venous congestion and reverse remodeling, ultimately impacting clinical events. On the other hand, patients who remain symptomatic and with fluid overloaded despite diuretic treatment, who have mild or moderate LV impairment, preserved RV function, no evidence of pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension, and only mild/moderate renal and liver dysfunction may be the ones who will benefit most from TR intervention [4]. Therefore, identifying predictors of outcomes and discriminating patients who are responders or non-responders to a TR intervention is of paramount importance to guide the decision-making process for surgical or percutaneous TR management [20].
Effects of negative pressure wound therapy on an axial congested rabbit skin flap model without any bare surface
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2022
Uğur Şahin, Anıl Demiröz, Songül Şahin, Hakan Arslan
Reconstruction with pedicled (local, regional, or distant) or free flaps is a common procedure in plastic surgery. Simple venous insufficiency causing venous congestion is common in daily practice. Studies have shown that venous congestion is more detrimental for the flap compared to arterial ischemia. Surgical exploration is the gold standard treatment for venous congestion; but if surgical correction fails, alternative techniques such as releasing sutures, pricking a flap, chemical leeching, medicinal leeching, or venous cannulation could be employed [1–8]. Usually medicinal leech therapy (MLT) is considered to be one of the first choices for the management of venous congested flaps not otherwise salvageable by surgical interventions [3,5,6] and some authors used subcutaneous heparin injections or venous cannulation as the alternatives of MLT [2,4,7,8]. However excessive blood loss and requirement for blood transfusions are the main and frequent complications of these methods [4]. With the purpose of overcoming these drawbacks, we planned to employ NPWT therapy for the treatment of flap with venous congestion.
Clinical management of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: patients not eligible for free flaps, a systematic review of the literature
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2021
Giuseppe Colella, Raffaele Rauso, Davide De Cicco, Ciro Emiliano Boschetti, Brigida Iorio, Chiara Spuntarelli, Renato Franco, Gianpaolo Tartaro
The IHF [20,21]. The flap is supplied by the superior thyroid artery, that ensure a 3–4-cm-long pedicle. Thus, the main limitation of this option is represented by the reduced range of application, which make the IHF appliable in reconstruction of the lower part of the oral cavity [19]. Moreover, if the flap width exceeds 5 cm, a deltopectoral flap is required to close the donor site defect [32,58]. Previous irradiation of the neck region does not represent an absolute contraindication if skin laxity is preserved [32,58]. On the other hand, previous neck dissection or thyroid surgery as well as the presence of lymphadenopathy in neck levels III–IV constitute consistent contraindications to the use of IHF [32,58]. Complications commonly related to the flap are caused by the unreliability of the skin paddle and its intrinsic fragility [19,20]. Venous congestion is also reported as common complication that might occur in association with superficial skin necrosis. Harvesting the HIF the superficial skin vessels are sacrificed and leaves the venous drainage to depend only on perforators from the platysma muscle, thus weakening the flap that might be injured by minor shearing of pressure during surgery [32,58]