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Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Vitamin E: Obviously, no one taking prescription blood thinners to prevent deep vein blood clots should stop taking them. One study found that taking vitamin E appeared to cut the clot risk in half among women with genetic mutations that increased their risk.4 Another study demonstrated that vitamin E (600 IU/day) may prevent deep vein clots for women in general. Female patients who took vitamin E were 21% less likely to develop venous thromboembolism than women who did not, but the reduction was more than double this (44%) among the women who had a history of clots.5
Cardiovascular disease
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
Many cardiovascular conditions are caused and/or aggravated by atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the accumulation of fatty material, called atheroma or plaque, on the inner surface of the arteries. This causes them to narrow, making it hard for the blood to circulate. Without a good supply of oxygen and nutrients, the tissues struggle to survive (ischaemia). The atheroma may rupture, causing the blood around it to clot. The blood clot (thrombus) can lead to a complete blockage of the artery. The clot may travel and cause a blockage somewhere else (embolism). A blockage in circulation will cause the surrounding tissue to die (infarct); in the heart it causes a heart attack, in the brain it causes a stroke and in the feet it causes gangrene.
Biochemistry of Exercise Training and Mitigation of Cardiovascular Disease
Published in Peter M. Tiidus, Rebecca E. K. MacPherson, Paul J. LeBlanc, Andrea R. Josse, The Routledge Handbook on Biochemistry of Exercise, 2020
Barry A. Franklin, John C. Quindry
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is a cardiac arrhythmia during which the heart's two upper chambers (the atria) may contract very rapidly and irregularly. The incomplete contractions allow blood to pool and clots to form in the auricles of the upper chambers. Clinical risk is proportional to the size of the resultant clots, in that portions of the inherently unstable blood clot can break loose and leave the heart. Once a piece of the clot enters the bloodstream, it can travel to the brain, lung, or periphery and cause a stroke, pulmonary embolism, or other life-threatening vascular event, respectively.
Prevalence and clinical outcomes of polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia with hydroxyurea resistance or intolerance
Published in Hematology, 2022
Kittitat Chiaranairungrot, Komkrich Kaewpreechawat, Chanwit Sajai, Narueporn Pagowong, Nissa Sukarat, Pokpong Piriyakhuntorn, Thanawat Rattanathammethee, Sasinee Hantrakool, Chatree Chai-Adisaksopha, Adisak Tantiworawit, Lalita Norasetthada, Ekarat Rattarittamrong
Data regarding treatment with HU were analyzed including indication, duration, clinicohematologic response by ELN 2009 criteria [14], HU resistance or intolerance determined by ELN [7,8] (for PV and ET) and ELNm criteria [9,10] (for PV). Clinical outcomes included thrombosis, bleeding, AML transformation, myelofibrosis transformation, and death were recorded. Thrombosis was defined as the presence of blood clot in arterial or venous site documented by imaging studies. Bleeding was defined as any hemorrhagic event that occurred during the study period. Myelofibrosis transformation was determined according to WHO criteria [1,2] of post-PV and post-ET myelofibrosis. The diagnosis of AML transformation was made if the patients met the WHO criteria of AML [1, 2] after the diagnosis of PV or ET.
Thrombotic events in children and adolescent patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review with meta-analysis on incidence and management
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2022
Giovanna Vitaliti, Valentina Giacchi, Monica Sciacca, Martino Ruggieri, Raffaele Falsaperla
The hemostatic system usually forms blood clots. Hemostasis has a complementary role in developing a barrier against pathogen invasion, sustaining innate immunity. This immune function has been described in several studies, who gave to this phenomenon the name of ‘immunothrombosis concept’ [9]. The different elements of the hemostatic system are all involved in the immune network and they explain the function of chemotactic to immune cells, stimulating different immune elements. Moreover, the immune system itself is important for the activation of coagulation factors [10–12]. Thrombosis, particularly microvascular thrombosis, is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19, as the ‘immunothrombotic’ cascade involves positive feedback loops among inflammatory, coagulation, and complement cascades. In this regard, Magro C et al. described a pauci-inflammatory thrombogenic vasculopathy, with deposition of fragments of complement C5b-9 and C4d in both grossly involved and normally-appearing skin. In addition, the authors found the co-localization of COVID-19 spike glycoproteins with C4d and C5b-9 in the interalveolar septa and the cutaneous microvasculature of two cases examined. Therefore, the authors concluded that COVID-19 may define a type of microvascular injury syndrome mediated by complement activation and an associated procoagulant state [11]. This mutual relationship could explain some common findings between the two systems in COVID-19 infection.
Risk factors for in-hospital mortality among acute ischemic stroke patients in China: a nationwide prospective study
Published in Neurological Research, 2021
Zhi-Xin Huang, Hong-Qiu Gu, Xin Yang, Chun-Juan Wang, Yong‐Jun Wang, Zi‐Xiao Li
Platelets are necessary for normal hemostasis, but may also be involved in thrombosis. Antiplatelet therapy (APT) has recently gained popularity due to its beneficial effects on cerebrovascular disease, especially in the acute phase of cerebral infarction. Our study suggests that in patients with AIS, APT can reduce the incidence of IHM and may improve the prognosis. Our study also confirms that IHM occurred 1.51-fold more often in AF patients compared with patients without AF, which can be attributed to its increased incidence of heart failure or embolic events [36].To reduce these complications, anticoagulant therapy is recommended as the preferred treatment for secondary prevention. Oral anticoagulant therapy should be started between 4 and 14 days after AIS to ensure the best efficacy and safety [37].AIS patients are at increased risk for pulmonary embolism due to limb paralysis, bed rest and an increased pro-thrombotic state [38]. Because blood clots can block blood flow to parts of the lungs, pulmonary embolism is often a fatal vascular disease. Our study confirms that PE was a strong and independent predictor of IHM.