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Therapeutic Properties of Fermented Foods and Beverages
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
Thrombosis is the condition of blood clot formation within a blood vessel that prevents normal flow of blood through the circulatory system. Blood clot in humans is carried out by more than 20 different enzymes, whereas plasmin is the only enzyme that interrupts the formation of blood clot.88 Food products with high LDL content are known to cause clots and form plaques by deposition in blood vessels that blocks the blood supply and might lead to chest pain and heart attack; hence, consumption of fermented products reduces the accumulation of LDL in the blood vessels. Simi-larly, accumulation of fibrin in blood vessels reduces the flow of blood thereby increasing the viscosity of blood, which builds up the pressure in the vessels leading to myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases.88 Therefore to prevent thrombosis, consumption of fermented food as a source of fibrinolytic enzymes145 or fibrinolytic enzymes isolated from starter culture used in fermented food is advised.88, 145
A patient with calf pain
Published in Tim French, Terry Wardle, The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
Identify risk factors for thrombosis: mode of transport and duration of journey: to assess the likelihood of any significant immobilitypossibility of pregnancy: she takes the OCP, but has she been taking it? When was her last menstrual period?previous or family history of DVT/PE that might suggest a thrombophilic statepossibility of malignancy: weight loss, muscle wasting, muscle weakness, systemic symptoms such as fever, night sweats, bruising, bleedingany symptoms of infection: respiratory, genitourinary or GI symptoms.
Immuno-Pathologic Basis of COVID-19 and the Management of Mild and Moderate Cases
Published in Srijan Goswami, Chiranjeeb Dey, COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, 2022
Debdeep Dasgupta, Srijan Goswami, Chiranjeeb Dey
Thrombosis refers to the formation of blood clots inside a blood vessel; the clot formed is termed a thrombus. Thrombus prevents the normal circulation of blood to concerned organs. The formation of blood clot or coagulation is the body's first line of defense against bleeding. Embolism, also known as thromboembolism, represents blockage in one of the arteries of the body due to a blood clot that has broken off from another location in the body (embolus) and traveled through the bloodstream to lodge in a small blood vessel (Cecil et al., 2012; Kumar et al., 2014; Hall, 2015; McPhee et al., 2021).
Acute spontaneous non-hemorrhagic adrenal infarction in pregnancy: case-report and literature review
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2023
Sara Ornaghi, Federica Fernicola, Elisabetta Marelli, Mario Perotti, Filiberto Di Gennaro, Irene Cameroni, Eloisa M. Mariani, Angela I. Pincelli, Elisabetta Colciago, Irene Cetin, Patrizia Vergani
Since the underlying cause of AI in pregnancy is believed to be adrenal vein thrombosis [13–15], evaluation for thrombophilia is pivotal. A condition of thrombotic microangiopathy should also be excluded. Abnormal congenital or acquired thrombophilia screening has been identified in several cases of NHAI in pregnant women. Yet, NHAI can also occur in pregnancies with no evidence of thrombophilia disorders, likely due to the increased thrombogenic risk posed by the gestation itself [20]. Nonetheless, additional risk factors for thrombosis can be identified in most of the published cases, including age >35 years, overweight or obese BMI, active smoking, and chronic inflammatory diseases. This suggests that NHAI should be even more suspected if risk factors for thrombosis, alongside gestation, are identified in women presenting with an acute abdomen and inconclusive initial workup.
Patient-specific hemodynamic analysis of IVCS-induced DVT
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Xudong Jiang, Xueping Gu, Tianze Xu, Xiaoqiang Li, Peng Wu, Lili Sun
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is the abnormal coagulation of blood in the veins of the lower extremities caused by various reasons, which can block the corresponding blood vessels and cause the obstruction of venous return. If the treatment is not timely, severe venous diseases of the lower extremities may occur, such as varicose veins, pigmentation, chronic and unhealed ulcers, etc. Pulmonary embolism (PE) caused by thrombosis is a serious complication of DVT, which may endanger the life of patients at any time (Beckman et al. 2010; Prandoni 2012). Iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) is a disorder of lower extremity and pelvic venous reflux caused by iliac vein compression or abnormal intracavitary adhesion structures, and it usually occurs in the left iliac vein (Cockett and Thomas 1965). IVCS is considered to be the most common secondary risk factor for DVT, the anatomical basis for the occurrence of DVT (Kim et al. 2004), and an important factor for thrombosis recurrence (Meng et al. 2013; Vedanthaqm et al. 2014). Therefore, timely intervention of IVCS to prevent the occurrence of DVT will greatly improve the quality of life.
Current evidence for pharmacologic therapy following stage 1 palliation for single ventricle congenital heart disease
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2022
Meredith C. G. Broberg, Ira M Cheifetz, Sarah T Plummer
Following stage 1 palliation patients are at risk of thrombotic complications [56–58]. The highest prevalence of thrombosis following all types of congenital cardiac surgery is seen in those patients less than one month of age, the age at which most patients with single ventricle anatomy undergo stage 1 palliation [58, 59]. Patients following stage 1 palliation remain hypoxic leading to polycythemia over time and often iron depletion due to the excess demand on iron stores. Such a situation creates less malleable red blood cells that are more prone to thrombosis [60]. Forty-two (42/549; 7.6%) patients in the SVR trial experienced a first-time thrombotic event either during stage 1 hospitalization (35 patients) or following discharge prior to stage 2 palliation (7 patients)[57]. Thrombotic complications include venous thrombosis, arterial thrombosis, stroke, pulmonary embolism, limb ischemia, and shunt occlusion. These complications in patients following congenital cardiac surgery increase mortality risk [58, 61], hospital and ICU length of stay during their initial postoperative stay [59, 61], and cost [59].