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Cardiorespiratory system
Published in Helen Butler, Neel Sharma, Tiago Villanueva, Student Success in Anatomy - SBAs and EMQs, 2022
36 Which of the following statements regarding the anatomy of the foetal circulation is correct? The umbilical vein transports deoxygenated blood from the foetus to the placenta.At birth the umbilical vein fibrosis and its remnant is the ligamentum arteriosum, which attaches the umbilicus to the liver.The falciform ligament of the liver separates left and right lobes and is the remnant of the umbilical vein.The ductus venosus allows blood from the umbilical vein to bypass the foetal liver on its way to the inferior vena cava.The ligamentum teres is located on the underside of the liver and is the embryological remnant of the umbilical artery.
Fetal Growth Restriction
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Juliana Gevaerd Martins, Alfred Abuhamad
Fetal circulation allows preferential distribution of nutrients in the fetus – nutrient- and oxygen-rich blood enters the circulation via the umbilical vein. The ductus venosus (DV) is the vascular shunt that modulates the proportion of umbilical venous blood that is distributed to the liver and heart. The direction and velocity of the blood coming from the DV to the right atrium, ensures preferential streaming of nutrient-rich blood to the left ventricle, myocardium and brain [54].
Placenta Throughout Gestation
Published in Mary C. Peavey, Sarah K. Dotters-Katz, Ultrasound of Mouse Fetal Development and Human Correlates, 2021
Mary C. Peavey, Sarah K. Dotters-Katz
In the mouse, there are initially three vessels (one artery and two veins) in the vitelline portion of the umbilical cord, which is closest to the placenta. However, at the fetal or allantoic portion, the umbilical cord contains one artery and one vein. Thus, most color Doppler of the umbilical cord in the mouse fetus has two vessels. The umbilical artery and the umbilical vein form at 9.5 dpc and are subsequently easy to identify on ultrasound.
Intraamniotic digoxin administration versus intracardiac or funic potassium chloride administration to induce foetal demise before termination of pregnancy: a prospective study
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Münip Akalın, Oya Demirci, Oya Gokcer, Hayal İsmailov, Ali Sahap Odacilar, Gizem Elif Dizdarogulları, Özge Kahramanoğlu, Aydın Ocal, Guher Bolat, Mucize Eriç Özdemir
In previous studies, similar to ours, no serious maternal complications were reported in intracardiac and funic KCl administration (Gill et al. 1994, Bhide et al. 2002, Senat et al. 2002, Pasquini et al. 2008). In contrast, maternal cardiac arrest was reported in a patient who received foeticide with intracardiac KCl (Coke et al. 2004). In this case, there was a high possibility that maternal instead of foetal KCl administration was performed. Therefore, we suggest that physicians should confirm that the needle is placed in the foetal heart or umbilical vein using ultrasonography. We did not observe any maternal side effects in any of the patients who received intra-amniotic digoxin. In a study that performed close monitoring, including 24-h Holter monitoring, serial serum digoxin levels, and coagulation parameters in patients who were administered 1 mg of intraamniotic digoxin, eight showed that maternal serum digoxin concentrations peaked at ∼12 h after intraamniotic administration of 1 mg digoxin and were not associated with clinically significant changes in patients (Drey et al. 2000). Considering our cohort and the results of previous studies, we suggest that 1 mg of intra-amniotic digoxin can be safely used with high success rates.
Prenatal diagnosis of the persistent right umbilical vein, incidence and clinical significance
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Gulsah Dagdeviren, Ayse Keles, Ozge Yücel Celik, Aykan Yucel, Dilek Sahin
In normal embryonic development, obliteration of the right umbilical vein begins at 4 weeks gestation and at 7 weeks it disappears. The left umbilical vein connects to the left portal vein of the foetal liver and carries all blood from the placenta to the foetus (Yagel et al. 2010a, 2010b). The persistent right umbilical vein (PRUV) is a pathological vascular anomaly occurring in embryonic development, in which the left umbilical vein regresses and the right umbilical vein remains open. The prevalence of intrahepatic PRUV has been reported to be 0.13% (Lide et al. 2016). The cause of PRUV is unknown. Thrombus, teratogens or folic acid deficiency is possible aetiologies (Weichert et al. 2011). PRUV can occur in an isolated form that represents its normal variant or be associated with other major or minor anomalies. The prognosis of isolated PRUV cases is good, but the prognosis of cases associated with DV agenesis is poor (Martinez et al. 2013).
Ultrasound in Hepatic Veno-occlusive Disease (HVOD) after Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT): Comparison of Diagnostic Criteria Including the Pediatric Criteria of European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT)
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2020
Heeyoung Chung, Soo-Ah Im, Seong-Koo Kim
Our study has several limitations, many arising from the retrospective study design. First, many patients lacked pre-HSCT ultrasound exam that could have been used as the baseline for comparison. As patients received sonographic evaluation when HVOD was clinically suspected, and not on a pre-planned schedule, the date of the first post-HSCT ultrasound exam was different from patient to patient. The sonographic examinations were done by multiple radiologists over the nine-year period covered in our study, so there can be considerable interobserver variations. The sonographic parameters observed in the examinations also had some variations; most exams included basic parameters such as the velocities and flow of the major hepatic vessels, gallbladder wall thickening, or presence of ascites, which were included in our study, but we could not analyze the diagnostic value of recanalization of umbilical vein or hepatomegaly due to lack of data.