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Liver Disease—Alcoholic Hepatitis/Cirrhosis
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
A liver disease is any disturbance of liver function that causes illness. Liver disease can present as a spectrum of clinical conditions that ranges from asymptomatic disease to end-stage liver disease.1 The two most common chronic liver diseases are viral hepatitis (see Hepatitis) and cirrhosis. In cirrhosis, liver cells are replaced with fibrotic tissue. The term cirrhosis is derived from the Greek “kirrhos” meaning orange-colored, and refers to the yellow-orange hue of the liver seen by the pathologist or surgeon.2 Cirrhosis is the twelfth most common cause of death in the U.S. and the fourth most frequent cause in the 45-54 year age group.
Hepatitis C
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Rebecca Pierce-Williams, Neil Silverman, Raja Dhanekula, Jonathan M. Fenkel, Danielle Tholey
There is no HCV vaccine available. Risk factors for HCV (Table 33.1) should be avoided and risk reduction counseling should be performed for HCV infected patients. Prevention of complications of liver disease includes avoidance of alcohol and hepatotoxic medicines (i.e. acetaminophen and certain herbal remedies) [5]. Obesity has also been associated with increased progression of liver fibrosis in those with HCV [48]; therefore, counseling should include an emphasis on maintaining a healthy diet and regular exercise.
Histopathological Cancer Detection Using CNN
Published in Meenu Gupta, Rachna Jain, Arun Solanki, Fadi Al-Turjman, Cancer Prediction for Industrial IoT 4.0: A Machine Learning Perspective, 2021
Soham Taneja, Rishika Garg, Preeti Nagrath, Bhawna Gupta
Hepatic (Liver) Cancer – This cancer begins in the cells of the liver. Its symptoms also tend to be physical, and it usually requires complex procedures as treatment. Like lung cancer, this cancer also spreads to other organs fast due to the proximity, decreasing the chances of survival. Therefore, like all other cancers, early detection is key. We went through some of the research work done with respect to this cancer [20] and expect our method to fare well.
Microwave ablation of multifocal primary liver cancer guided by real-time 3.0T MRI
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Fenghai Liu, Baozhou Hou, Zhuofu Li, Lei Zhang, Yingwen Zhou, Hao Bian, Zhaoyang Huo
Liver cancer is a highly malignant tumor and a common carcinoma. Its morbidity and mortality are on the rise globally. According to the estimation of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), about 905,000 people suffered from liver cancer in 2020, causing 830,000 deaths worldwide [1]. Surgical resection is considered the preferred method for the treatment of primary liver cancer [2]. Most multifocal liver cancers have tumors located in different liver segments. Therefore, the surgical resection rate of such tumors is relatively low, and treatment methods such as transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), local ablation, or liver transplantation are mostly used [3–5]. However, the long-term efficacy of TACE is unsatisfactory, especially for multifocal liver cancer [6]. Liver transplantation is difficult to popularize due to the shortage of donor organs, high cost, and life-long immune maintenance of recipients. With the development of modern imaging, local ablation is increasingly used for clinical cancer treatment.
S-Propargyl-cysteine prevents concanavalin A-induced immunological liver injury in mice
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Beilei Ma, Yicheng Mao, Lingling Chang, Tao Dai, Xiaoming Xin, Fenfen Ma, Zhijun Wang, Zhuqing Shen, Qibing Mei, Yizhun Zhu
The liver is an important organ and plays a key role in glucose, lipid, xenobiotic metabolism, and antioxidant defense (Mani et al. 2014). Various types of liver diseases, including inflammatory liver disease (hepatitis), plague human health. Hepatitis, which is mostly caused by a viral infection, alcohol addiction, side effects of certain drugs, or autoimmune disorders, possesses the major pathological feature of tissue infiltration with a large number of inflammatory factors. This infiltration leads to morphological deformation and function deficiency in the liver (Zenewicz et al. 2007). Hepatitis seriously threatens the patients′ health because the normal functions of the organ, such as producing bile for digestion, producing essential hormones, eliminating the toxins from the body, and controlling fat and cholesterol levels, are undermined. There are many kinds of hepatitis, and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated liver disease that has witnessed few major advances in treatment options over the last several decades. It barely has options for patients who are either refractory to or intolerant to standard therapy, which consists of prednisone and azathioprine. Thus, it is imperative to develop novel drugs and alternative strategies for AIH prevention and treatment.
Gastrodin ameliorates Concanavalin A-induced acute hepatitis via the IL6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2022
Yingqun Zhou, Jiaojiao Chen, Zhilu Yao, Xuezhen Gu
Liver diseases are a serious human health problem worldwide and include alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, cholestatic, autoimmune, and inherited liver disorders [1]. Liver injury can be triggered by a diverse range of stimuli, ranging from drug or alcohol abuse to infection and autoimmunity. The immune‑mediated liver injury is one of the most clinically troublesome diseases [2]. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a well-known chronic liver autoimmune disease characterized by elevated circulating autoantibodies, hypergammaglobulinemia, and histological evidence of interface hepatitis [3,4]. There is no effective treatment for AIH except for steroid hormones, and liver transplantation is the only effective treatment for end-stage liver disease [5]. Therefore, finding effective agents to ameliorate immune-mediated liver injury remains an urgent issue.