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Overview of Cryptorchidism with Emphasis on the Human
Published in Tom O. Abney, Brooks A. Keel, The Cryptorchid Testis, 2020
David R. Roth, Larry I. Lipshultz
The deferential artery originates from the interior vesicle artery and travels closely approximated with the vas deferens until it reaches the globus minor where it branches into a capillary network. The third artery, the external spermatic or cremasteric artery, originates from the inferior epigastric artery, passes through the inguinal canal within the sheath of the cord, and continues to the parietal surface of the tunica vaginalis where it anastamoses with capillaries from the other vessels (Figure 7).
SBA Answers and Explanations
Published in Vivian A. Elwell, Jonathan M. Fishman, Rajat Chowdhury, SBAs for the MRCS Part A, 2018
Vivian A. Elwell, Jonathan M. Fishman, Rajat Chowdhury
The contents of the spermatic cord may be remembered by the ‘Rule of 3’s’ as follows: 3 constituents: Vas deferens (round ligament uterus in females), lymphatics, obliterated processus vaginalis.3 arteries: Testicular artery, artery to vas (a branch of the superior/inferior vesical), cremasteric artery (a branch of the inferior epigastric).3 nerves: Genital branch of the genitofemoral (motor to cremaster muscle, sensory to cord), ilioinguinal nerve (inside the inguinal canal but outside the cord), autonomics.3 veins: Pampiniform venous plexus, vein from vas, cremasteric vein.3 fascial coverings: Internal spermatic fascia, external spermatic fascia, cremasteric muscle and fascia.
Testis and scrotum
Published in Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie
Sometimes for a high undescended testis a two-stage surgical procedure is necessary. The testis is mobilised as far as possible and anchored with a suture and the mobilisation is completed 6 months later. An alternative approach involves initial division of the gonadal artery (which is usually ‘tighter’ than the vas deferens) such that the testis becomes dependent for its blood supply upon the cremasteric artery. The second stage procedure involves conventional orchidopexy. Orchidectomy should be considered if the incompletely descended testis is atrophic, particularly in the postpubertal boy if the other testis is normal.
Microscopic subinguinal varicocelectomy in 100 consecutive cases: Spermatic cord vascular anatomy, recurrence and hydrocele outcome analysis
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2018
Ahmed M. Al-Kandari, Abdulnasser Khudair, Abdelghaffar Arafa, Fouad Zanaty, Ahmed Ezz, Mohamed El-Shazly
The arterial supply to the testis is derived from three sources: the internal spermatic artery, the deferential (vasal) artery, and the external spermatic (or cremasteric) artery [22]. The internal spermatic artery is intimately associated with the pampiniform plexus of veins. The testicular artery is consistently the largest calibre arterial vessel, with a diameter equal to or greater than the sum of the vasal and cremasteric arteries in >50% of the spermatic cords. This suggests that although the vasal and cremasteric arteries combined contribute significantly to the testicular blood supply, the testicular artery provides most of the blood flow to the human testes. Preservation of the testicular arteries is recommended for optimal testicular blood flow [23]. There is evidence showing deleterious effects of its ligation on germinal epithelium and spermatogenesis from testicular ischaemia in both human and animal models [24].