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Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
The spermatic fascia (three layers) surrounds the spermatic cord.External spermatic fascia is derived from the external oblique.Cremasteric fascia from the internal oblique.Internal spermatic fascia from the transversalis fascia.Contents of the spermatic cord are detailed in Table 12.1.
The male reproductive system and hernias
Published in Peter Kopelman, Dame Jane Dacre, Handbook of Clinical Skills, 2019
Peter Kopelman, Dame Jane Dacre
The testes descend from the abdomen through the inguinal canal to reach the scrotum by approximately 38 weeks’ gestation. The vas deferens and testicular vessels thus run through the inguinal canal within the spermatic cord, which takes a covering from each of the layers through which the testicle has passed, namely the transversalis fascia (internal spermatic fascia), the conjoined tendon (cremasteric fascia) and the external oblique aponeurosis (external spermatic fascia).
SBA Answers and Explanations
Published in Vivian A. Elwell, Jonathan M. Fishman, Rajat Chowdhury, SBAs for the MRCS Part A, 2018
Vivian A. Elwell, Jonathan M. Fishman, Rajat Chowdhury
The contents of the spermatic cord may be remembered by the ‘Rule of 3’s’ as follows: 3 constituents: Vas deferens (round ligament uterus in females), lymphatics, obliterated processus vaginalis.3 arteries: Testicular artery, artery to vas (a branch of the superior/inferior vesical), cremasteric artery (a branch of the inferior epigastric).3 nerves: Genital branch of the genitofemoral (motor to cremaster muscle, sensory to cord), ilioinguinal nerve (inside the inguinal canal but outside the cord), autonomics.3 veins: Pampiniform venous plexus, vein from vas, cremasteric vein.3 fascial coverings: Internal spermatic fascia, external spermatic fascia, cremasteric muscle and fascia.
Microstructures of the spermatic cord with three-dimensional reconstruction of sections of the cord and application to varicocele
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2020
Yu Yang, Xiaoqiang Wu, Qu Leng, Wei Su, Shuo Wang, Rongwei Xing, Xumin Zhou, Daojun Lv, Bingkun Li, Xiangming Mao
After staining, the histological transverse sections clearly displayed the microstructures of the spermatic cord (Figure 1). The fascia was clearly observed in the polarimicroscope images of the sections after sirius red staining which showed typical characteristics of type II collagen (Figure 1D). Under stereo microscopy, we observed that the outermost layer of the irregular cylindrical spermatic cord was the external spermatic fascia and the cremaster muscle inside which were two thin and translucent sheaths (Figure 2). The large sheath which wrapped the internal spermatic vessels was identified as the well-known internal spermatic fascia while the smaller sheath which wrapped the vas deferens and its associated vessels was termed as the vas deferens fascia. Most of the two delicate circular sheaths with different contours and sizes were stuck laterally to the inner contour of the cremaster or the external spermatic fascia. They connected closely at the middle, with each other leaving little space between them. The two sheaths and their contents ran in parallel inside the external spermatic fascia and the cremaster muscle. The existence of two separate sheaths was also confirmed by the 3D reconstruction images (Figure 3).
Impact of body mass index on semen parameters and reproductive hormones among men undergoing microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2023
Mohammed Mahdi, Ahmad Majzoub, Haitham Elbardisi, Mohamed Arafa, Kareim Khalafalla, Sami Al Said, Walid El Ansari
Varicocelectomy was performed using the microsurgical subinguinal approach. All cases were done by the same urology team using a standardized approach [25]. Procedures were done under general anesthesia, utilizing a 2–3 cm subinguinal incision. After delivery of the spermatic cord, any dilated external spermatic veins were ligated. Following dissection of the external spermatic fascia, a surgical microscope (Pentero 900, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) was used under × 18 magnification to explore the cord and dissect, separate, ligate (using titanium clips) and divide the internal spermatic veins. A micro Doppler probe was also used during the procedure to identify and preserve the testicular artery. Vas deferens and lymphatic vessels were preserved.