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The Pulmonary and Bronchial Vessels, Pulmonary Vascular Abnormalities including Embolism, Pulmonary and Bronchial Angiography, and A/V Malformations.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
A pulmonary varix is a localised enlargement of a segment of a pulmonary vein which enters the left atrium normally. On plain films pulmonary varices may mimic rounded lung nodules or hilar nodes. Tomograms, particularly CT or in the lateral plane, may show them to be smooth, lobulated or elongated worm-like or sausage shaped masses in the position of the pulmonary veins. They may change in shape or size with Valsalva and Müller manoeuvres. Calcification within them has not been reported.
Vascular surgery
Published in Kaji Sritharan, Jonathan Rohrer, Alexandra C Rankin, Sachi Sivananthan, Essential Notes for Medical and Surgical Finals, 2021
Kaji Sritharan, Jonathan Rohrer, Alexandra C Rankin, Sachi Sivananthan
Spider veins, prominent varicosities, sapheno-varix, venous eczema, hyperpigmentation, lipodermatosclerosis (thickening and hardening of the skin and subcutaneous tissues), ulcers (classically, overlying the medial malleolus in the gaitor region).
Paper 4
Published in Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw, The Final FRCR, 2020
Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw
On imaging, a venous varix appears as a dilated intraconal vessel and can be congenital or acquired, following trauma for example. It presents with intermittent proptosis on coughing or straining, and therefore imaging before and after Valsalva manoeuvre can be helpful.
A Case of Intra-Amniotic Umbilical Vein Varices Misdiagnosed as an Omphalocele
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2023
Hayet Zitouni, Taycir Cheikhrouhou, Chiraz Regaieg, Afef Ben Thabet, Rim Kallel, Saloua Ammar, Tahya Sellami Boudawara, Nadia Hmida, Mahdi Ben Dhaou, Riadh Mhiri
UVV can be predisposed to thrombosis secondary to relatively increased blood flow turbulence and shearing stress relative to other major and minor blood vessels, which increases risk of coagulation cascade activation through endothelial wall damage and resultant activation of primary hemostasis activation and subsequent coagulation cascade activation. Thrombosis of the umbilical vein varix is a recognized complication, with just a few cases reported in the literature [4]. If the umbilical cord is too long, blood stasis is likely to occur due to cord compression and knot formation, resulting in thrombosis of the umbilical vessels [5]. An increase in the size of the dilatation may lead to compression of adjacent vessels, resulting in a circulatory disruption. In our case, the enlargement of the umbilical vein predisposing to a fetal coagulopathy most likely contributed to the thrombosis.
Effectiveness of treatment of acquired capillary haemangioma using timolol
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2022
Sahil Agrawal, Sujeeth Modaboyina, Mandeep S Bajaj, Saloni Gupta, Deepsekhar Das
An acquired capillary haemangioma can be easily confused with pyogenic granuloma or an acquired tufted angioma of the eyelids.4 Tenderness, hypertrichosis, and induration are useful signs to clinically differentiate tufted angioma from haemangioma. Other differentials include Kaposi sarcoma, eyelid angiosarcomas and varix. Kaposi sarcoma relates closely with the immune status of the patient and is considered as an auto-immune disease syndrome-defining disease by the World Health Organisation.5 The eyelid involvement has a nodular, elevated appearance and precedes in most cases visceral involvement. Cutaneous angiosarcomas of eyelid are very rare and present as purple coloured maculopapular lesions, suggesting a vascular origin in patients over 55 years of age.6 Varix of eyelid has an associated increase in the size of the lesion with strenuous activity like stooping or Valsalva manoeuvre.7
Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia of the periocular region
Published in Orbit, 2020
Daniel Rubinstein, Leon Rafailov, Neena Mirani, Huey-Jen Lee, Paul D. Langer
A 76-year-old man with a history of hypertension, Brugada Syndrome, and a longstanding “scar” in his right macula without any known history of prior trauma, presented with the sudden onset (1 day) of left eye pain, ptosis, headache, and blurry vision. Visual acuity in the right eye was finger counting and in the left eye 20/40. There was an afferent pupillary defect in the right eye. Four millimeters of left proptosis and 6 mm of left upper eyelid ptosis were noted (Figure 4a,b). Funduscopic examination was significant for right optic nerve pallor and moderate hypertensive changes bilaterally. CT revealed a large, hyperdense, homogenously enhancing left orbital mass displacing the superior rectus/levator complex (Figure 4c–e). Given the acute presentation and radiologic findings, hemorrhage into a vascular anomaly, such as a varix, was suspected. An MRI was not obtained due to the presence of a cardioverter/defibrillator. Surgery was delayed due to the need for cardiac testing and clearance; 3weeks later, a left superior orbitotomy was performed, and the lesion was found to be adherent to the levator palpebrae superioris muscle (Figure 4f). Incisional biopsy resulted in significant bleeding. Pathology demonstrates active but bland endothelial cells associated with fibrinous papillae, consistent with IPEH (Figure 4h,i). Following the biopsy, the lesion regressed on sequential CT scans and the patient’s symptoms completely resolved over the span of several weeks without lesion recurrence.