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The patient with acute cardiovascular problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Capillaries, in addition to having very thin walls, have a lumen that is only slightly larger in size than the diameter of a red blood cell. These properties facilitate the efficient movement of substances in and out of the blood at a cellular level. Many capillaries join together to form a web of capillaries, supplying all organs and tissues of the body: this web is known as the capillary bed.
Abdomen
Published in Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott, Applied Anatomy for the FRCA, 2020
Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott
Capillary leak syndrome Hypotension, hypothermiaMassive blood transfusion and fluid resuscitationCoagulopathyPancreatitis
Characterization of Phyto-Constituents
Published in Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Himangini, Faizana Fayaz, Anjali
In the early 1980s, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was developed as a powerful analytical and separation device. It detects the purity/complexity of a sample and can deal with every kind of charged components of sample from simple inorganic ions to DNA. Thusly, the utilization of fine electrophoretic techniques expanded in the investigation of natural drugs in last past years. The working of CE examination can be performed by electric field worked in tight cylinders which prompts division of numerous mixes. The separation of different charged components caused due to applied voltage in between buffer filled capillaries which generates the production of ions depending on their mass and charge ratio. Frequently used electrophoresis techniques are capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), and capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF). CE is the most proficient strategy utilized for the division and investigation of modest number of analytes with excellent partition capacity. In the meantime it has comparative specialized qualities as that of liquid chromatography; anyway it is a superior technique for building up the chemical fingerprints of the natural medications.
Point of care blood glucose devices in the hospital setting
Published in Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2023
Nam K. Tran, Clayton LaValley, Berit Bagley, John Rodrigo
Glycemic management relies on several sample types, including whole blood and capillary samples [29]. Less common, some blood gas analyzers that perform glucose measurements can also accept plasma or serum specimens. Among critically ill patients, whole blood specimens obtained from peripheral intravenous lines or indwelling arterial/central venous catheters are common. In contrast, non-critically ill patients without intravenous access are often sampled by fingerstick, while for neonates, samples are often obtained by heel stick. Differences in glucose measurements are observed between different specimen types. Arterial glucose levels are typically higher than venous samples with the differences ranging from 0.2 to 0.3 mmol/L (3–5 mg/dL) [32]. Differences between arterial and capillary samples may be minimal. In a study by Karon et al., the median bias was similar between capillary and arterial blood specimens compared to the reference [33]. This study also reported a statistically significant relationship between disease severity and capillary sample bias, though the magnitude of this effect was small. In short, the quality of capillary specimens is impacted by the specimen collection technique and the patient’s disease state.
Combinatorial Efficacy and Toxicity of an Engineered Toxin Body MT-3724 with Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin in Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2023
Chenyu Lin, Ahmed Galal, David Rizzieri, Sant Chawla, Seung T. Lee, Angela Georgy, Kristina Dabovic, Thomas Strack, Matthew McKinney
Although six patients had been treated with the 75 µg/kg/dose of MT-3724 without developing capillary leak syndrome (CLS), in the expansion cohort of the phase I monotherapy trial, two of three patients experienced grade 2 CLS events at this dose (25,26). These patients had high body weights resulting in higher absolute doses of MT-3724 than administered previously. Capillary leak syndrome is a rare and potentially fatal inflammatory disorder characterized by weight gain, peripheral edema, hypoalbuminemia, hemoconcentration, and hypotension. The underlying pathophysiology of CLS is not well-understood, and proposed mechanisms include endothelial damage leading to capillary hyperpermeability, release of acute inflammatory cytokines, lymphokine-activated killer cell activation, and alterations in intercellular adhesions (27,28). CLS is often an important dose-limiting toxicity in clinical trials involving immunotoxin therapies, which may elicit an acute diffuse inflammatory response due to the intrinsic immunogenicity of the attached toxin moiety (27,29).
Facing urosepsis- the most deadly of all urological diseases
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2022
Truls E. Bjerklund Johansen, Tommaso Cai
We do not know which mechanisms bring about the dysregulated immune response leading to sequential organ failure and death. In patients who die of sepsis the most common autopsy findings in kidneys are acute papillary necrosis. Other organs show signs of bleeding, circulatory failure and focal necrosis [7]. Clinicians should remember that the skin is the largest organ in the body and pathophysiological changes are easily detectable. Although diagnostics and treatment monitoring concentrate on central hemodynamics, what matters most for life and death of cells in peripheral tissues is the delivery of oxygen through capillaries. Endothelial cells and pericytes have key roles in the local regulation of capillary flow. Interestingly, researchers have also detected a dysregulation of microcirculation in research animals as well as in patients with sepsis [8]. Endothelial dysfunction also have a role in immunological disorders.