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Cheek and Zygomatic Arch
Published in Ali Pirayesh, Dario Bertossi, Izolda Heydenrych, Aesthetic Facial Anatomy Essentials for Injections, 2020
Emanuele Bartoletti, Ekaterina Gutop, Chytra V. Anand, Giorgio Giampaoli, Sebastian Cotofana, Ali Pirayesh
The transverse facial artery (TFA) (Figure 4.17) originates from the STA within the parotid gland and courses anteriorly and sometimes slightly downward, to the cheek. The transverse facial artery may anastomose with the facial artery.The main blood supply to the cheeks is from arterial perforators originating from the Transverse facial artery: Posterosuperior parts of the cheek (zygomatic and parotid- masseteric regions).Facial artery: Lower anterior cheek (buccal region).The buccal artery (originating from the maxillary artery) perfuses the lower anterior portion of the cheek (buccal region).
Anatomy and Embryology of the Mouth and Dentition
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
The gingival tissues derive their blood supply from the maxillary and lingual arteries. In the lower jaw, the buccal gingiva posteriorly is supplied by the buccal artery (a branch of the maxillary artery as it crosses the lateral pterygoid muscle) and by perforating branches from the inferior alveolar artery. Anteriorly, the labial gingiva is supplied by the mental artery and by perforating branches of the incisive artery. The lingual gingiva is supplied by perforating branches from the inferior alveolar artery and by the lingual artery of the external carotid.
Maxilla: LeFort Fracture Patterns
Published in Jeffrey R. Marcus, Detlev Erdmann, Eduardo D. Rodriguez, Essentials of CRANIOMAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA, 2014
Scott T. Hollenbeck, Detlev Erdmann
The midface is highly vascularized, partly as a result of the abundant blood supply of the external carotid artery. The largest branch of the external carotid artery is the maxillary artery, which lies within the pterygopalatine fossa and terminates as the sphenopalatine artery, descending palatine artery, infraorbital artery, posterior superior alveolar artery, and buccal artery. The maxillary nerve (V2) is one of three branches of cranial nerve V. Its function is to provide sensation to the maxillary teeth, nasal cavity, sinuses, and skin of the midface. An important branch of V2 is the infraorbital nerve, which travels within the maxillary bone through the infraorbital canal along the floor of the orbit and exits through the infraorbital foramen. The infraorbital foramen is located approximately 5 to 10 mm below the infraorbital rim in line with the medial limbus of the pupil and also contains the infraorbital artery and vein. During intraoral exposure, it is important to consider the expressive muscles of the midface that could be disrupted: the zygomaticus major and minor, levator labii superioris, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, levator anguli oris, depressor septi, and nasalis.
Oral mucosa grafting in periorbital reconstruction
Published in Orbit, 2018
Buccal mucosa is delimited by the outer commissure of the lips anteriorly, the anterior tonsillar pillar posteriorly, the maxillary vestibular fold superiorly, and the mandibular vestibular fold inferiorly. Vascular supply is derived predominantly from branches of the maxillary artery. These include the buccal artery, the middle and posterior superior alveolar arteries, and the anterior superior alveolar branch of the infraorbital artery. The transverse facial artery, a branch of the superficial temporal artery provides additional blood supply. Buccal mucosa is innervated by the long buccal nerve, a branch of the third division of the trigeminal nerve (CNV3) and the anterior, middle, and posterior superior alveolar branches of the second division of the trigeminal nerve (CNV2). The facial nerve also contributes sensory innervation to the buccal mucosa.74,75