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Anemia: Approach to Diagnosis
Published in Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass, Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
Cardiovascular manifestations of anemia occur only in severe chronic anemia, with hemoglobin less than 7–8 g/100 mL. An upward shift in the cardiac index reflects the severity and type of anemia. The significant physical finding of splenomegaly is associated with a number of illnesses that cause anemia, as summarized in Table 9.
Measurement of cardiac output and shunts
Published in John Edward Boland, David W. M. Muller, Interventional Cardiology and Cardiac Catheterisation, 2019
An example of how to calculate CO by the Fick method is shown in the following. The following data were collected from a patient, and blood samples taken from the left ventricle (LV) and pulmonary artery (PA). Height: 152 cm; Weight: 50 kg; Age: 68 y Sex: Female.Body surface area (BSA): 1.45 m2.VO2: 200 mL/min.Hb: 12.5 g%.Body surface area is used to calculate cardiac index and other derived haemodynamic variables.Hb concentration is needed to calculate the O2 carrying capacity of blood (O2 capacity = Hb concentration × 1.36).O2 saturation of arterial and mixed venous blood is used to calculate the O2 content of each sample.The O2 content is used to calculate the A-V O2 content difference (CA – CV).
Cardiac disease
Published in Daryl Dob, Griselda Cooper, Anita Holdcroft, Philip Steer, Gwyneth Lewis, Crises in Childbirth Why Mothers Survive, 2018
Pulmonary hypertension from whatever cause is associated with a high risk of maternal mortality. The reported death rates are between 30% and 50%. The prognosis is poorer in individuals with a low cardiac index, high right atrial pressure and high pulmonary vascular resistance. The condition may persist after repair of congenital septal defects, or it may be secondary to other conditions, such as thromboembolic disease, connective tissue disorders, and certain drugs (e.g. the appetite suppressant fenfluramine). Where no precipitating cause can be found, the condition is known as primary pulmonary hypertension. It is more common in women than in men (ratio of 1.7:1), and usually presents in the third or fourth decade of life.
Goal-directed fluid therapy compared to liberal fluid therapy in patients subjected to colorectal surgery
Published in Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2023
Mona Gad Mostafa Elebieby, Mohamed Abdelkhalek, Zenat Eldadamony Mohamed Eldadamony, Mohammed Nashaat Mohammed
Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that cardiac output and cardiac index were comparable in the measurements between the studied groups during the surgical procedure, which goes with the findings reported by Scheeren et al. [18]. The present investigation revealed an absence of statistically significant distinction between the readings observed in both cohorts with respect to the serum lactate level. Moreover, the serum creatinine levels exhibited an insignificant variance between the two cohorts. While there was a slight elevation in serum lactate and serum creatinine levels in the GDFT group compared to the LFT group, the difference was not statistically significant. The measurement of lactate concentration is a highly responsive yet indirect marker of the adequacy of blood flow to organs [19]. In their research, Sujatha et al. investigated the effectiveness of goal-directed versus traditional approaches in open major bowel surgery. The study involved a total of 306 patients who were divided into three groups, each consisting of 102 patients. These groups were labeled as control (conventional), PVI, and Flo trac. Despite the significant increase in post-surgery lactate levels across all three groups, no significant differences were observed at various time intervals [20].
Increased thoracic fluid content is associated with higher risk for pneumonia in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Lijuan Yan, Yumei Qiu, Jin Liu, Jining Wu, Junwei Yang, Weichun He
Bio-Noninvasive Hemodynamic Monitor (BioZ-2011, Medean Medical Equipment Co., Shenzhen, China) was used to noninvasively measure hemodynamic parameters. The monitoring principle has been described in detail in the previous study [10]. Briefly, the monitor used a 2.5 mA at 70 kHz current via atetrapolar system of four sensors, two of which were placed on the neck above the clavicle and two others were placed on the chest at the level of the tip of the xiphoid process. Each member of a pair were 180° apart, both at the top and at the bottom of the thoracic cavity. Voltage pickup electrodes on the sensors bridge the thorax for an axial measurement of voltage when current is introduced through the outer electrodes on each sensor. The algorithm allows the monitor to calculate hemodynamic-related parameters based on variations in thoracic bio-impedance due to changes in blood volume and velocity in the aorta. TFC, cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), and left cardiac work index (LCWI) were measured and obtained directly from the monitor without using indwelling catheters. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate were measured concurrently. The placement of electrodes on the body surface is presented in Supplemental Figure 1.
Protective effects of Portulaca oleracea and vitamin E on cardiovascular parameters in rats with subclinical hyperthyroidism
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2022
Mousa- al-Reza Hadjzadeh, Hadi Khodadadi, Farzaneh Sohrabi, Mahdiyeh Hedayati-Moghadam, Atieh Ghorbani, Sara Hosseinian
We observed an increase in maximum dP/dt and a decrease in minimum dP/dt in the SHT group. Vitamin E had no effect on dP/dt and caused cardiac hyperdynamism in a dose-dependent manner. We also found that vitamin E did not reduce blood pressure. In contrast, Rafraf et al. reported that vitamin E decreased mean arterial pressure in diabetic patients (40). In the present study, cardiac index was measured to assess hypertrophy. Although administration of 400 mg of P. oleracea extract decreased the cardiac index in rats, the changes were not significant. The group treated with T4 and 200 mg/kg vitamin E also showed a decrease in the cardiac index, which may be caused by the lipid anti-oxidation properties of vitamin E. Overall, administration of levothyroxine sodium led to hyperdynamism of the heart, and administration of P. oleracea extract adjusted cardiac hyperactivity. The results of this study show that P. oleracea extract could be useful in preventing the cardiovascular abnormalities and chronic diseases caused by oxidative damage.