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Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attacks of the Brain and Eye
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
There is no serum biomarker that accurately diagnoses TIA, although several markers, such as NR2A/B (antibodies), Parkinson 7, nucleoside diphosphate kinase A, ubiquitin fusion degradation protein-1, and heart-type fatty acid binding protein, have shown moderate to high diagnostic accuracy in some studies and have potential to indicate early transient brain ischemia.
PCI in unstable angina and NSTEMI
Published in K Sarat Chandra, AJ Swamy, Acute Coronary Syndromes, 2020
Smit Shrivastava, Abhikrishna Singh
The imaging by coronary arteriography is recommended to be performed prior to and post-intracoronary vasodilator injection. The TIMI IIIB [8] and FRISC studies [9] determined in acute coronary settings the incidences of single vessel disease, double vessel disease and left main as 30%–38%, 44%–59% and 4%–8%, respectively. The subset of left main with multi-vessel disease was obviously at the highest risk. Biomarkers like BNP, CRP and NT Pro BNP may portend the prognosis, while chemokine ligand 5 and ligand 18, [10] interleukin 6, [11] heart type fatty acid binding protein, [12] pentraxin, [13] mid-regional proadrenomedullin and copeptin [14] are promising newer markers for diagnosis and prognosis. A prospective observational study of 478 patients suggests superiority of hs-cTn with supplementary copeptin over a repeat hs-cTn [15].
Promising advances in concussion diagnosis and treatment
Published in Brian Sindelar, Julian E. Bailes, Sports-Related Concussion, 2017
Brian Sindelar, Julian E. Bailes
For a more thorough discussion with potential application to concussive injury, we invite the reader to consult the literature concerning many other less researched biomarkers studied in TBI such as: brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF),59 D-dimer,60 plasma cellular prion protein (PrPc),61 occludin,8 copeptin,8 c-reactive protein, brain natriuretic peptic (BNP), creatine kinase (CK), heart type fatty acid binding protein (h-FABP), prolactin,62 cortisol,4 myelin basic protein,5,63,64 lipid peroxidation, microRNAs, and proteomics.5
Diagnostic and prognostic value of long noncoding RNAs in sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2022
Yi Liao, Ran Wang, Fuqiang Wen
Several sepsis-related biomarkers associated with different pathogenesis have been added to the application of diagnosis and assessment of patients with sepsis and have received growing attention. Based on a previous study, it is suggested that procalcitonin (PCT) can be utilized as a biomarker of sepsis, and the PCT level usually rises earlier than C-reactive protein (CRP) while it reaches the peak in a short time [4]. PCT is useful for early detection of sepsis and monitoring the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics and can be utilized to guide the correct antibiotics usage. PCT also has a specific correlation with the severity of the disease [5]. Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) is a biomarker for early myocardial injury diagnosis. In a recent meta-analysis, H-FABP has shown high accuracy in judging the 28-day mortality of patients with sepsis [6].
Diagnostic significance of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein as a potential biomarker to predict the mortality rate of patients with sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2022
Songbai He, Wenying Leng, Xiaoli Du, Yue He, Yunxia Zhao, Yuanjun Wang, Shenghui Yu
Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) is a specific small cytoplasmic protein present in a high content in the heart, which can reflect the degree of myocardial injury. At first, H-FABP was mainly used as a biomarker of disease severity in certain conditions such as coronary atherosclerotic heart disease and cardiac insufficiency [6,7]. In recent years, research has been conducted on H-FABP as a biomarker of sepsis, which has been of help in diagnosing organ damage in patients with sepsis [8]. Patients with sepsis generally present with multi-organ dysfunction. In particular, when cardiac function is impaired and cardiomyocytes are damaged, H-FABP in the myocardial layer is released into the blood circulation, which can be detected through blood sampling. A retrospective study of 160 patients with sepsis reported that the serum H-FABP level was an independent predictor of 1-year mortality [9].
Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein: an overlooked cardiac biomarker
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2020
Harsh Goel, Joshua Melot, Matthew D. Krinock, Ashish Kumar, Sunil K. Nadar, Gregory Y. H. Lip
Risk assessment of CP centers on history, electrocardiogram (EKG), and biomarkers. Aspartate transaminase (AST) was the first biomarker used in defining AMI in 1959 [6]. Since then several legacy biomarkers, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), myoglobin, creatine-kinase (CK), its cardiac-specific iso-enzyme CK-MB, were used, but they have been superseded by cardiac troponins (cTn) [7]. Though proven to be the most sensitive and specific biomarker, cTn still leaves important gaps. First, there is a 4–6 hours delay from symptom-onset to first appearance of measurable cTn in plasma. This often necessitates overnight stay for many patients to allow serial measurements before AMI can be reliably ruled out, thus increasing hospitalisations and health care costs [8]. The use of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-Tn), does offset this delay to a certain degree, but at the cost of high false-positives. Second, prolonged elevation of plasma cTn (7–10 days) after an AMI complicates utility as a marker of early re-infarction. To address these gaps, a host of novel biomarkers-including structural proteins, enzymes of energy metabolism, inflammatory markers, cell-adhesion molecules, and extracellular matrix proteins have been investigated. More prominent among these include heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme-BB (GPBB), copeptin, and ischaemia-modified albumin, among others [9,10]. Among these, (H-FABP) is oldest known, and hence perhaps the most well-studied.