China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Hemorrhoids
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Hemorrhoids are dilated veins (submucosal vascular tissue) in the rectum and distal anal canal. Hemorrhoids develop when the venous drainage of the anus is altered, causing the venous plexus and connecting tissue to dilate. This connective tissue, when weakened, leads to descent or prolapse of the hemorrhoids.1 Affected veins become more swollen due to increased pressure from pregnancy, being overweight, or from chronic constipation, or straining at the stool.
Role of Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Hemorrhoids
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
Yaw Duah Boakye, Daniel Obeng Mensah, Eugene Kusi Agyei, Richard Agyen, Christian Agyare
Hemorrhoids are vascular cushions with a thick submucosa comprising of blood vessels, connective tissues, and Treitz muscle around the anus.48 Any enlargement, bleeding, and protrusion of these cushions will lead to pathologic hemorrhoids (Fig. 4.1). The bright red color of hemorrhoidal bleeding, coupled with the blood having same pH as arterial pH, has led to the identification of hemorrhoidal bleeding being arterial and not venous.46 Hemorrhoids are categorized as either internal or external hemorrhoids based on their position with respect to the dentate line and their anatomic origin within the anal canal.37
Endometriosis: Clinical Manifestation and Differential Diagnosis
Published in Nazar N. Amso, Saikat Banerjee, Endometriosis, 2022
The use of proctoscopy is rare in the gynecological setting. In a surgical setting it is rather routine and commonly used to assess for hemorrhoids, check the mucosa of the lower rectum and take a biopsy that may help in cases of inflammatory bowel disease. Endometriosis causes constricting scarring rather than affecting the mucosa, and it is usually at a higher level in the rectum and sigmoid colon.
Herbal remedies used by traditional healers to treat haemorrhoids in Tabora region, Tanzania
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
David Sylvester Kacholi, Halima Mvungi Amir
Haemorrhoids, also called piles, are swollen veins in the anus and lower rectum. The ailment is mainly caused by increased pressure in the veins due to straining when trying to have a bowel movement, or any activity that causes strain. As pressure increases, blood pools in the veins increase, which causes them to swell, thus stretching the surrounding tissue (Peery et al. 2015). The most common and severe effects of haemorrhoids are perianal thrombosis, and incarcerated prolapsed internal haemorrhoids with subsequent thrombosis (Carey and Whelton 2018). The disease is considered a significant cause of morbidity and has economic as well as social impacts on society (Riss et al. 2012). The economic impact includes a burden on health systems and loss of working days, while social impact is linked to lifestyles, for instance, interpersonal, food and hygiene, and sexual habits (Rubbini and Ascanelli 2019). Moreover, the disease causes physical and psychological distress (Khan et al. 2015), and considerably affects the patient’s quality of life due to bleeding occurring with or without defaecation, anal pain, and itching (Guttenplan 2017).
Recommendations and best practice on the management of hemorrhoidal disease in Saudi Arabia
Published in Hospital Practice, 2022
Mohamed Zaki El-Kelani, Raouf Kerdahi, Samir Raghib, Mohamed Ashraf Shawkat, Naser Abdelnazer, Ishag Mudawi, Magdy Mahmoud, Wassim Abi Hussein, Mohamed Tawfik, Waleed Wahdan
Hemorrhoid, also called piles, is used only when the expansion of the vascular cushions in the anal canal and the external veins cause symptoms [1]. No consensus on how to define the pathophysiology of hemorrhoid is described in the literature. However, several theories describe the causes as disease of the veins in the anorectal vascular cushions, weakening of the collagen support in the anal canal and increased arterial flow to the vascular plexus [2]. Several causes have been claimed to develop hemorrhoid, including causes of increased intra-abdominal pressure like chronic constipation, pregnancy due to pressure of the pregnant uterus on pelvic veins and prolonged straining [3]. Our improved understanding of the anatomy of hemorrhoid made us develop new methods of treatment which are less invasive. Unfortunately, the use of the term hemorrhoid among lay people to cover any anal complaint has led to increase estimate of prevalence from 4.4% in the USA up to 36.4% in the United Kingdom [4].
The Role of Pudendal Nerve Block in Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Michael G. Fadel, Laura Peltola, Gianluca Pellino, Gabriela Frunza, Christos Kontovounisios
There is an agreement amongst certain societies, such as The French Society of Colo-Proctology (Société Nationale Française de Colo-Proctologie [SNFCP]), that postoperative pain in colorectal surgery can be reduced by the systematic implementation of a PNB and multimodal use of analgesics [34]. The majority of the literature available relates to the use of PNB in hemorrhoidectomy [15, 34]. The SNFCP set out its recommendations for the management of hemorrhoids as they advised PNBs using local anesthetics with a long half-life given early on in the procedure as they reduce postoperative pain for about 24 hours [34]. The PROSPECT Working Group have also provided graded recommendations on the management of pain after hemorrhoidal surgery. Their review found that patients that received a PNB had lower pain scores, reduced need for supplemental analgesia, shorter hospital stay, early resumption of daily activities and higher patient satisfaction when compared to general anesthesia alone [26, 27]. When comparing PNB to spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy, PNB was associated with lower pain scores and reduced rates of urinary catheterization. In view of these findings and evidence, PROSPECT now recommend PNB specifically over other types of local anesthetic applications for all patients undergoing closed hemorrhoidectomy or open with electrocoagulation of pedicles [15].