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Re-Highlighting the Potential Natural Resources for Treating or Managing the Ailments of Gastrointestinal Tract Origin
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals, 2021
Vaibhav Shende, Sameer A. Hedaoo, Mojabir Hussen Ansari, Pooja Bhomle, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is also known as heartburn or acid reflux. It occurs whilst the hoop of muscle fibers that surrounds the doorway to our stomach (known as the decrease esophageal sphincter) turns weak and acts as a substitute of ultimate tightly closed to save the backflow of food back up. Esophagus, it remains partially open, allowing partly digested meals and belly acid to leak lower back up the esophagus, inflicting irritation. The primary signs associated with GERD are regurgitation, heartburn, chest pain, and nausea.9
The Clinical Application of 5-HT Agonists and Antagonists in Gastrointestinal Disease
Published in T.S. Gaginella, J.J. Galligan, SEROTONIN and GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTION, 2020
Timothy P. Roarty, Richard W. McCallum
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), with its associated symptoms of daytime and nocturnal heartburn and regurgitation, is a common complaint. Most patients are self-treated with over the counter antacids or self-imposed changes in dietary habits. When patients are seen in a physician’s office, they commonly have chronic, recurrent symptoms of reflux that have responded poorly to these measures. Additional counseling regarding amount, frequency, and timing of meals, as well as elevating the head of the bed and avoidance of certain food and drugs, may prove beneficial for some patients. Three basic mechanisms are thought to underly GERD and form the rationale for its treatment: transient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, transient increase in intraabdominal pressure, and a low resting or basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure are thought to act independently and collectively in the etiology of GERD.15–18 Gastroesophageal reflux occurs more often in the postprandial than in the fasting state, and more often after a large meal, with the volume of contents in the stomach determining the frequency of reflux. GERD patients as a group have normal acid secretory parameters, although up to 5% may be hypersecretors.19 There is an increased incidence of GERD in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome,20 and this has been attributed to an overwhelming effect of hypersecretion of acid.
Rational Medical Therapy of Functional GI Disorders
Published in Kevin W. Olden, Handbook of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2020
Richard M. Sperling, Kenneth R. McQuaid
Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) GERD is a common medical condition that is readily treated with medical or surgical therapies (67-69). A full discussion of the treatment of GERD is beyond the scope of this chapter. Briefly, patients are generally treated in a stepwise fashion. Patients with occasional symptoms are instructed to use antacids as needed and to make certain dietary and lifestyle modification including adopting a low-fat diet; avoiding tomatoes, citrus, and alcohol; elevating the head of the bed; and avoiding snacks before bedtime. Patients with more frequent symptoms are treated twice daily with an H2-receptor antagonist such as ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. or famotidine 20 mg b.i.d. Finally, patients with severe disease and/or refractory symptoms are treated with a proton pump inhibitor such as omeprazole 20-40 mg q.d. or surgical fundoplication.
Investigation of the potential relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and laryngopharyngeal reflux disease in symptomatology – a prospective study based on a multidisciplinary outpatient
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2023
Xiaoyu Wang, Zhi Liu, Jinhong Zhang, Chun Zhang, Jing Zhao, Lianlian Liu, Shizhen Zou, Xin Ma, Jinrang Li
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) means symptoms or complications caused by the reflux of the gastric contents into the esophagus, mouth (including the larynx) or lungs, and its main typical symptoms include heartburn, regurgitation, belching, dysphagia, reflux cough, reflux chest pain and so on [1,2]. Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is an infectious disease of the tissues of the upper aerodigestive tract caused by the direct or indirect effects associated with the reflux of gastroduodenal contents, which can cause morphological changes in the upper aerodigestive tract [3]. Common symptoms of LPRD include hoarseness, vocal fatigue, excessive throat clearing, globus pharyngeal, chronic cough, postnasal drip, dysphagia, etc. [4]. Common signs of LPRD include subglottic edema, ventricular obliteration, erythema/hyperemia, vocal fold edema, diffuse laryngeal edema, posterior commissure hypertrophy, granuloma/granulation tissue, excessive endolaryngeal mucus, etc. [5].
Pneumatic dilation for esophageal achalasia: patient selection and perspectives
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Abdul Mohammed, Rajat Garg, Neethi Paranji, Aneesh V. Samineni, Prashanthi N. Thota, Madhusudhan R. Sanaka
Patients can have procedure-related adverse events, although primarily minor such as chest pain, aspiration pneumonia, bleeding, transient fever, and mucosal tear without perforation. The most severe complication of pneumatic dilation is esophageal perforation. It is reported in less than 5% of all patients undergoing PD, of which only 1% require surgery [60]. The management is based on the size of the perforation/leak. If the perforation is small and intramural, the patient should be admitted to the hospital for close observation. Conservative management in the form of nil per os, intravenous antibiotics, and consultation with a cardiothoracic surgeon may be pursued. If the perforation is large, immediate surgical repair is associated with better outcomes [61]. Difficulty in keeping the balloon in position during the procedure is a risk factor for perforation [62]. Other patient-related risk factor for esophageal perforation is PD in older patients using a 35 mm balloon compared with a 30 mm balloon [63]. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is reported in 15–35% of patients after PD. However, the rate of complicated or severe reflux disease is low (4%). Symptomatic improvement in heartburn was reported in most patients with proton-pump inhibitors [25].
Effectiveness of esophagogastroduodenoscopy in changing treatment outcome in refractory gastro-esophageal reflux disease
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Ye Eun Kwak, Ahmed Saleh, Ahmed Abdelwahed, Mayra Sanchez, Amir Masoud
The prevalence of typical gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms including heartburn or acid regurgitation are found to be 10–20% in the Western countries [1]. Empiric proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment can be used to diagnose and manage GERD by relieving reflux symptoms and healing erosive esophagitis [2]. Despite appropriate PPI use, 32-45% of patients have persistent heartburn or acid regurgitation symptoms [3], and this is mainly thought to be due to poor compliance with PPI therapy and different definitions of treatment failure [2]. It is reasonable to proceed with esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) when patients with GERD have other alarm symptoms such as dysphagia, odynophagia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain or weight loss, as these symptoms may suggest underlying dysplasia, malignancy, or other gastroesophageal pathology unrelated to GERD, although the evidence is limited [4]. A significant number of patients who have reflux symptoms alone without other alarm features, especially when their symptoms are persistent or refractory to PPI therapy, undergo EGD to search for any significant esophageal pathology. However, evidences investigating the effectiveness of screening EGD solely for persistent refractory reflux symptoms are lacking [2,4].