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The Role of Flaxseed Micronutrients and Nitric Oxide (NO) in Blood Vessel and Heart Function
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Flaxseed, 2023
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) in the legs or lower extremities is the narrowing or blockage of the vessels that carry blood from the heart to the legs. It is primarily caused by the buildup of fatty plaque in the arteries, i.e., atherosclerosis. It should not be surprising to learn that flaxseed is helpful in the treatment of PAD because it had already been shown that so is L-arginine—because it is a NO-donor.
The patient with acute cardiovascular problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Atherosclerosis is a potentially serious condition where there is a progressive build-up of fatty deposits in the subintimal layer of medium and large arteries. It is a chronic inflammatory condition of the arterial wall that can take several decades for the resulting deposits to reach a level where there is significant disruption to the blood flow along the arteries. Atherosclerosis is a major risk factor for many different conditions involving a reduced blood flow. Collectively, these conditions are known as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Examples of CVD include: Coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction.Peripheral artery disease.Stroke.
Fascia and the Circulatory System
Published in David Lesondak, Angeli Maun Akey, Fascia, Function, and Medical Applications, 2020
Anita Boser, Kirstin Schumaker
More distally, McKeon describes how perforating arteries passing through the interosseous membrane of the lower leg can be damaged when an injury to the ankle extends from the tibiofibular syndesmosis up into the interosseous membrane.41 Fascial restriction of arteries into the lower leg can cause patients who do not have the risk factors commonly associated with peripheral artery disease (PAD) to present with symptoms and signs of this disease, namely intermittent claudication and muscle stiffness of the lower legs experienced with exercise.42
Novel therapeutic targets for diabetes-related wounds or ulcers: an update on preclinical and clinical research
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2021
Jonathan Golledge, Shivshankar Thanigaimani
Diabetes-related wounds, particularly diabetes-related foot ulceration (DFU), are responsible for substantial global disability and are the primary reason for amputation of the lower extremities [1]. In 2016, an estimated 4 million years lived with disability were caused by DFU and diabetes-related amputations [1]. The main causes of chronic diabetes-related wounds are peripheral neuropathy, peripheral artery disease, and dysfunctional wound healing [2,3]. The relative contribution of these elements in individual patients varies although in most instances, all three contribute to some extent [2,3]. Neuropathy leads to loss of protection sensation, changes in the foot shape, and high plantar stress during ambulation, promoting foot ulcer formation [4,5]. Peripheral artery disease traditionally refers to stenosis or occlusion of the arteries supplying the lower extremities, leading to impaired foot blood supply or ischemia [3]. There is now increasing recognition that microvascular disease is an important component of peripheral artery disease although its exact contribution to diabetes-related wound is controversial [6]. Over the past two decades, there has been a significant improvement in understanding of diabetes-related wounds and their management owing to the exponential increase in research within this field (Figure 1).
Healthcare resource utilization and costs of major atherothrombotic vascular events among patients with peripheral artery disease after revascularization
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2021
Urvi Desai, Akshay Kharat, Connie N. Hess, Dejan Milentijevic, François Laliberté, Peter Zuckerman, John Benson, Patrick Lefebvre, William R. Hiatt, Marc P. Bonaca
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is characterized by the atherosclerotic occlusion of vessels in the lower limbs, leading to lower-extremity symptoms and functional impairment1–3 Patients with PAD are also at a high risk of experiencing other lower-limb complications such as intermittent claudication, acute limb ischemia (ALI) and amputations3,4; as well as cardiovascular (CV) complications, including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke3,5–7. Accordingly, PAD is associated with a substantial economic burden, with total costs for vascular-related hospitalizations in patients with PAD estimated to be more than $21 billion in the US in 20085. Another recent study reported that total healthcare costs were three times higher among PAD patients versus those without the condition8.
Rationale for screening selected patients for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2020
Kosmas I. Paraskevas, Hans-Henning Eckstein, Dimitri P. Mikhailidis, Frank J. Veith, J. David Spence
According to the 2011 SVS guidelines25, although routine screening in the general population is not recommended, screening for ACS should be considered in certain groups of patients with multiple risk factors that increase the incidence of disease as long as the patients are fit for and willing to consider carotid intervention if significant stenosis is discovered. Such groups of patients include those with evidence of clinically significant peripheral artery disease regardless of age and patients ≥65 years with a history of CHD, smoking and/or hypercholesterolemia25. Patients with carotid bruits (an indicator of not only ACS, but also systemic atherosclerosis, as well as a prognostic indicator of cardiovascular death and MI)26,27 should also be considered for carotid screening. This was a recommendation in the 2009 ESVS guidelines28,29. The 2018 ESVS Guidelines gave a recommendation for selective screening for ACS in patients with multiple vascular risk factors but this was a weak (Class: IIb, Level of Evidence: C) and non-specific recommendation. The 2018 ESVS guidelines also recommended screening for ACS prior to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with a carotid bruit2. Detection of a carotid bruit and/or ACS should be viewed as an opportunity for initiation of intensive BMT, not for offering a carotid intervention, as ACS is not associated with an increased risk of stroke and mortality in patients undergoing CABG30,31.