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Diabetes Mellitus and Ischemic Heart Disease
Published in E.I. Sokolov, Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus, 2020
The number of capillaries and muscle fibers in the myocardium (especially in type II DM) diminished as DM proceeded, while the diameter of the cardiac myocytes increased. A growth in the radius of diffusion was noted with an increase in the diameter of the cardiac myocytes, which resulted in hypoxia of the myocardium. The capillaries were oriented along the muscle fibers, and in some places fitted loosely to them. Cardiac myocytes were encountered with phenomena of focal myocytolysis (dissolution of the myofibrills) over a limited length. Vanishing of the lateral marking and the presence of coagulation necrosis were noted [225, 227].
The cardiovascular system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Mary N Sheppard, C. Simon Herrington
Some contraction bands will be found in any heart that has gone into ventricular fibrillation (VF) before death. If, however, they are present in large numbers, and in particular if they are found in one region only, they are a reliable means of identifying early infarction. Even when reperfusion had not occurred, some contraction band necrosis is usually found at the edge of an infarct that predominantly shows the colliquative pattern of necrosis. Contraction band necrosis has also been called coagulative myocytolysis.
The Cardiovascular System
Published in Pritam S. Sahota, James A. Popp, Jerry F. Hardisty, Chirukandath Gopinath, Page R. Bouchard, Toxicologic Pathology, 2018
Calvert Louden, David Brott, Chidozie J. Amuzie, Bindu Bennet, Ronnie Chamanza
Anthracycline-induced delayed progressive cardiomyopathy has been reported in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys (Leblanc et al. 1991). The morphologic features in animals were similar to that in humans and the severity of the findings increased with longer duration of dosing. Histopathologically, vacuolation, degeneration of the myocytes, sometimes with myofiber necrosis and myocytolysis, interstitial edema, and fibroplasia are seen. Ultrastructural features included distention of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the T-tubule system and the Golgi vesicles, increase in lysosomes and residual bodies, clumping and loss of myofibrils, fragmentation of sarcomeres, and swelling of mitochondria (Paulus et al. 1988; Scolcia et al. 1981).
A comprehensive review of cardiotoxic effects of selected plants
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Akbar Anaeigoudari, Nahid Azdaki, Mohammad Reza Khazdair
The aqueous extracts from N. oleander flowers (22 and 33 mg/kg) showed congestion and hemorrhage especially in the myocardium regions. In addition, the coagulative necrosis of cardiac muscle cells, which associated with the infiltration of inflammatory mononuclear cells in heart sections were observed (Majeed 2012). The leaves extracts of N. oleander (110 mg/kg) also induced hemorrhage, myocardial degeneration, and necrosis in the heart of sheep (Ozmaie et al.2013). The aqueous leaf extract of N. oleander for 28 days induced patho-morphological changes including; mild granular degeneration of myocytes and fragmentation in the cardiac muscle and loss of striations in the heart in male rabbits. In addition, N. oleander extract induced intra-sarcoplasmic vacuoles with myocytolysis in the heart samples in treated compared to the control animals (Taheri et al.2013).
The impact of an ultra-trail on the dynamic of cardiac, inflammatory, renal and oxidative stress biological markers correlated with electrocardiogram and echocardiogram
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2021
C. Le Goff, J-F. Kaux, R. Dulgheru, L. Seidel, J. Pincemail, E. Cavalier, P. Melon
Marked elevations of serum levels of CK-MB isoenzyme (up to 21 times the upper limit of normal) in marathon runners during the post-race period were first demonstrated many years ago [9]. While skeletal rhabdomyolysis does appear to be the principal source of CK-MB, another lesion that should be considered in this setting is ischaemic injury to individual myocardial fibres; such injury may cause substantial leakage of CK-MB isoenzyme and may be reversible or irreversible (cardiac myocytolysis). Cardiac myocytolysis may be defined as disintegration of individual myocardial fibres unaccompanied by an inflammatory response. Ischaemia resulting in myocytolysis may involve randomly distributed myocardial fibres during a strenuous exercise [32].
Coronary microvascular dysfunction due to Chagas disease: where are we now?
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2023
Denise Mayumi Tanaka, Marcus Vinícius Simões, José Antônio Marin-Neto
Necroscopic studies were the first to reveal evidence of CMD in Chagas’ disease. Inflammatory changes in the perivascular region were observed in patients who died during the acute phase [8]. However, this phenomenon was also observed in the chronic setting, where extensive vascular lesions were found in CCC patients autopsied, including the constriction of intramyocardial arterioles and intense intimal proliferation [9]. Importantly, these vascular lesions were topographically linked to focal myocytolysis, a form of cell death typically caused by ischemic injury and extensive capillary basement membrane thickening [10,11].