China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Hypertension
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Malignant hypertension is also known as a hypertensive emergency or a hypertensive crisis. There is severe hypertension and signs of damage to target organs such as the brain, cardiovascular system, and kidneys. The patient is diagnosed by measuring the blood pressure, serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine. Also performed are ECG and urinalysis. There is an urgent need to reduce the BP with intravenous medications. There is no direct link between diabetes mellitus and malignant hypertension, but organ damage from diabetes is likely involved.
Chronic hypertension and acute hypertensive crisis
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
William F. Rayburn, Lauren Plante
Hypertensive emergencies still occur, albeit less frequently: in the years before the availability of antihypertensive drugs, 7% of individuals with hypertension could expect to develop a hypertensive emergency (with an associated 1-year mortality risk nearly 80%); the figure is now 1% to 2% (52,53). Most patients who develop a hypertensive crisis have a history of hypertension, often inadequately treated. This may not be the case in pregnancy, however, where hypertensive crisis may manifest against a background of either chronic hypertension or pre-eclampsia.
Disorders
Published in Jonathan P Rogers, Cheryl CY Leung, Timothy RJ Nicholson, Pocket Prescriber Psychiatry, 2019
Jonathan P Rogers, Cheryl CY Leung, Timothy RJ Nicholson
MAOI tyramine (‘cheese’) effect (Shulman et al., CNS Drugs 2013; 27(10): 789–97) Causes a hypertensive crisis.Occurs in patients on MAOIs in combination with foods high in tyramine.Risk is lower on moclobemide.Effect can also occur in patients who take the OTC nasal decongestants pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine with an MAOI.
Association of anaemia with long-term mortality among patients with hypertensive crisis in the emergency department
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Wook-Dong Kim, Byung Sik Kim, Jeong-Hun Shin
Hypertension is a common disease observed in approximately 30–45% of the adult population and is the leading cause of premature death despite considerable advances in antihypertensive treatments [1,2]. Hypertensive crisis, which is an abrupt and marked elevation in blood pressure (BP) is observed in 1–2% of patients with hypertension [3]. Although the hypertensive crisis is a serious condition, it is relatively common in the emergency department (ED), accounting for about 4.6% of all ED visits in the United States [4]. Advances in antihypertensive therapy have improved the treatment of hypertensive crisis. However, recent studies have shown that estimated annual mortality rates remain high in these patients [5,6]. While previous studies show that hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) is related to poor prognosis [7–10], there are limited data on risk factors related to the prognosis of hypertensive crisis.
The determinants of neurological phenotypes during acute hypertensive crises – a preliminary study
Published in Neurological Research, 2020
Mehmet Yasir Pektezel, Mehmet Akif Topcuoglu, Rahsan Gocmen, Bulent Erbil, Mehmet Mahir Kunt, Nalan Metin Aksu, Kader Karli Oguz, Ethem Murat Arsava
Hypertension affects more than one-third of the adult population and is the leading risk factor contributing to the global disease burden [1,2]. On top of the wide spectrum of morbidities related to end-organ damage associated with chronic hypertension, less than 1% of hypertensive people experience acute and severe surges in blood pressure necessitating acute medical intervention [3]. These hypertensive crises are categorized as hypertensive urgency or emergency based on the absence or presence of acute end-organ damage, respectively [4]. From the neurology perspective, these crises might remain asymptomatic at one extreme, while on the other hand they could culminate in a variety of clinico-radiologic scenarios ranging from mild encephalopathy to catastrophic intracerebral bleeding.
Prevalence and risk factors for hypertensive crisis in a predominantly African American inner-city community
Published in Blood Pressure, 2019
Frederick A. Waldron, Irina Benenson, Shelley A. Jones-Dillon, Shreni N. Zinzuwadia, Adedamola M. Adeboye, Ela Eris, Nkechi E. Mbadugha, Natali Vicente, Alexandra Over
Hypertensive crisis (HTN crisis) is an acute complication of HTN characterized by a severe increase in blood pressure (BP), commonly above 180/120 mmHg [9]. Hypertensive crisis may present as hypertensive urgency (HTN urgency) or hypertensive emergency (HTN emergency) [1,9,10]. HTN emergency is defined as a severe increase in BP that is associated with potentially life-threatening target organ damage such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, pulmonary edema, acute renal injury, or aortic dissection [1,9,10]. Hypertensive urgency, on the contrary, is characterized by an acute rise in BP in the absence of symptoms suggesting acute target organ dysfunction [9,10]. The 2017 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines define hypertensive crisis as an acute elevation of BP ≥ 180/120 mmHg [9]. However, the thresholds of BP for the definition of HTN crisis are somewhat arbitrary, as the same degree of BP increase may translate into life-threatening target organ injuries in one patient or may result in no symptoms in another patient [10].The absolute levels of BP may not be as important as the rate of BP rise in determining the severity of organ damage [1,9]. With the advent of effective medical therapies outcomes of HTN crisis have shown improvement (a reduction in 1-year mortality from 79% to 7%) however, there is still significant risk of death associated with this condition [11].