China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Dopaminergic Prodrugs
Published in M.D. Francesco Amenta, Peripheral Dopamine Pathophysiology, 2019
Cesare Casagrande, Francesco Santangelo
A number of invasive hemodynamic investigations were conducted. Among them, for example, Dei Cas et al.102 administered a single dose of 150 mg ibopamine to ten patients suffering from idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy undergoing Swan-Ganz right heart catheterization. CO was assessed by the thermodilution technique. CI, SVI, and left ventricular work index increased significantly by about 30%, while mPAP and SVR were significantly decreased. HR and BP were not significantly modified. The effect was maximal at 3 h and was still present at 5 h. The plot of pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure vs. stroke work index (SWI) indicated a significant improvement in cardiac function. Similar results were reported in other invasive studies, either open103-105 or double-blinded.106 Favorable hemodynamic modifications were also reported in invasive studies in cor pulmonale.107,108
Section 7
Published in Padmanabhan Ramnarayan, MCQs in Paediatrics for the MRCPCH, Part 1, 2017
Conditions that cause an increased left-ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV) result in a volume overload on the heart and therefore follow left-sided régurgitant lesions. In congestive cardiomyopathy, there is hypofunction of most of the myocardium. Common causes of the same finding in adults would be ischaemia of the LV myocardium. A pericardial effusion would cause restricted inflow of blood to the heart.
Selenium and AIDS
Published in Ronald R. Watson, NUTRIENTS and FOODS in AIDS, 2017
Selenium deficiency has been shown to be implied in a congestive cardiomyopathy (namely, Keshan disease) in some areas of China. Although this disease seems to be multifactorial, selenium supplementation prevents its occurrence.1,34 Congestive cardiomyopathy has also been reported in patients under prolonged total parenteral nutrition.35,36,37 In HIV-positive patients, cardiomyopathy may occur, sometimes with opportunistic infectious agents and sometimes not, and a deficiency in selenium has been hypothesized to explain such cardiomyopathies.38 Dworkin measured selenium content in the heart of 8 AIDS patients at autopsy without overt cardiac disease and in 9 age-matched HIV-negative subjects.39 The mean cardiac selenium concentration was 0.327 μg/g ±0.082 in the AIDS patients and 0.534 μg/g ±0.184 in the others. Most of the AIDS patients had a histologically normal heart but two had foci of myocyte necrosis, fibrosis, and monocyte infiltrations. These abnormalities look like those reported in patients with Keshan disease.
Research progress in strategies to improve the efficacy and safety of doxorubicin for cancer chemotherapy
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2021
Muhammad Sohail, Zheng Sun, Yanli Li, Xuejing Gu, Hui Xu
Cardiotoxicity caused by traditional DOX therapy can be characterized as acute and chronic. Current or previous cardiac illness, extremes in a race, age, access to irradiation in the mediastinal area, and the cumulative dose of DOX administered are all risk factors for cardiotoxicity. Rhythm disturbances, aberrant electro cardiographic alterations, and mild but reversible decreases in left ventricular ejection fraction are common in patients with acute DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. These symptoms usually arise within 24 hours after receiving the infusion, are self-limiting, and could develop as a long-term problem that leads to congestive cardiomyopathy. Such toxicity depends on the peak plasma concentration of DOX. Von Hoff et al. found a 3% incidence of free DOX-induced congestive heart failure at a total dose of 400 mg/m2, which could rise to 7% at 550 mg/m2 and 18% at 700 mg/m2. The present era is still very active to overcome DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Certain nano-formulations of DOX are available in the market, having improved toxicity profiles, e,g, lower cardiotoxicity [15–17].
Biological Markers of Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: After so Many Studies, What do We Know?
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2018
Josef Fontana, Michal Zima, Vaclav Vetvicka
The ability of oxygen to accept electrons from other molecules to form oxygen free radicals renders ROS highly toxic to all living cells, as these molecules are known to damage all cellular biomolecules including sugars, lipids, proteins, and polynucleotides. In order to defend themselves, cells have developed several systems to counteract these toxic molecules named antioxidant systems (Jacobson, 1996). These systems include nonenzymatic molecules (glucan and vitamins A, C, and E) and enzymatic scavengers (glutathione peroxidase [GPx], catalase, and superoxide dismutase [SOD]). For detailed information on chemical qualities and reactivities of ROS, see Kohen and Nyska (2002). Oxidative stress has been implicated in diabetic cardiomyopathy (Bugger and Abel, 2010), congestive cardiomyopathy (Pankuweit et al., 2004), and heart disease.
Prognostic value of cryoglobulins, protein electrophoresis, and serum immunoglobulins for lymphoma development in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. A retrospective cohort study
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2018
Jesse Kimman, Xavier Bossuyt, Daniel Blockmans
In the overall study population, thirteen patients died (7%). Notably, five of them (38%) had a history of lymphoma: Marginal Zone lymphoma (MZL, N = 3), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL, N = 1) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL, N = 1). The HL-patient died due to an overwhelming pneumonia secondary to sepsis after a leg amputation for severe SS vasculitis and ulcers. Five percent (N = 8) of non-lymphoma patients died. In those patients, causes of death were assumed to be secondary to an ovary carcinoma (N = 2), thrombotic aneurysm (N = 1), congestive cardiomyopathy without clear etiology (N = 1) or unknown (N = 4). Lymphoma development was correlated with a significant higher risk of death (p-value 0.0008; OR 8.9 with CI 2.5–31.7).