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Cancer
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
AICR/WCRF and ACS recommendations state that for cancer prevention, it is best to not drink alcohol (Rock et al., 2020; World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research, 2018). Those who do drink alcohol should limit amounts to no more than one standard drink (equivalent to 14 grams of ethanol) daily for women, or no more than two standard drinks daily for men. Strong evidence identifies alcohol as a cause of cancers; the magnitude of the association varies with the type of cancer and the level of alcohol consumption.
Hypertension/High Blood Pressure
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Alcohol: Limit alcohol to no more than two drinks (1 oz or 30 ml ethanol; e.g., 24 oz beer, 10 oz wine, or 3 oz 80-proof whiskey) per day in most men and to no more than one drink per day in women and lighter-weight persons.12
Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreatic Disease
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Liver damage associated with alcohol includes: Fatty liverFibrosisAlcoholic hepatitisAlcoholic cirrhosis
From abstainer to current drinker: a qualitative investigation of the process of alcohol use initiation among early adolescents in Thailand
Published in Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 2023
Trakulwong Luecha, Bart Van Rompaey, Lieve Peremans
Alcohol drinking and its related harm, both in the short and long term, especially among underage drinking, have been well documented in previous literature. Short-term disadvantages include bad school performance (e.g., delinquency behavior and lower grade point average; Odgers et al., 2008), physical damage, violence, aggressive behavior (Swahn et al., 2008), vehicle accidents (Walker et al., 2005), undesired/safe/protected reproductive behavior, including teenage pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (Odgers et al., 2008; World Health Organization, 2014). Long-term consequences include impairment of the brain function (Squeglia et al., 2009), alcohol addiction (King & Chassin, 2007), and chronic liver disease. Of particular concern is that adolescence is a period during which there are numerous developments in physical and social skills necessary in the transition from childhood to adulthood.
Depressive symptoms in early alcohol or opioid abstinence: course & correlates
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2022
Prabhat Sapkota, Surendra K. Mattoo, Tathagata Mahintamani, Abhishek Ghosh
The clinicians might be tempted to start antidepressants owing to the risks involved in co-morbid major depressive episode and substance use disorders. However, our study suggested that a clinician might not be in a hurry to start an antidepressant in the first few weeks of abstinence from alcohol and/or opioids, rather could take a stance of watchful waiting because of rapid resolution of the depressive symptoms in the first couple of weeks. This would minimize the exposure to unwanted side effects of antidepressants; antidepressants could also increase the risk of suicidality.32 Some antidepressant medications and alcohol combinations may increase the risk for adverse events. For example, bupropion may lower seizure threshold; when used in an individual with a history of withdrawal seizure, may pose unacceptable risk;33 duloxetine could precipitate liver toxicity in those with preexisting liver dysfunction, including liver dysfunction due to chronic alcohol use.34 Moreover, there is evidence to suggest selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may lead to an increase in alcohol consumption in Type B “alcoholics”.35,36 Rational prescription could reduce unnecessary financial burden to the patient and the health care providers.
Light at the end of the bottle: flourishing in people recovering from alcohol problems
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2022
Paul Makin, Rosie Allen, Jerome Carson, Stacey Bush, Bethany Merrifield
While moderate drinking has often been associated with improved mental well-being (El-Guebaly, 2007; Gea et al., 2012; Saarni et al., 2008), much research has demonstrated that individuals with alcohol use disorders, experience some of the worst mental health outcomes (Keyes & Simoes, 2012). Indeed, excessive alcohol use has been strongly linked to poor sleep quality (Park et al., 2015) and long-term depression and anxiety (Kushner et al., 2000; Vitiello, 1997). This can, in part, be explained by the bidirectional relationship between alcohol use and mental health disorders (Keyes, 2015; Rogers et al., 2010). For instance, research has shown that alcohol use is often used as a coping mechanism to “self-medicate” the symptoms of mental health disorders (Boden & Fergusson, 2011; Cooper et al., 1995; Mitchell, 2015). However, alcohol use can exacerbate symptoms of a mental illness as well as increase the underlying risk for developing other mental health problems (Brady, 2006; Norström & Ramstedt, 2005; Rehm et al., 2003). Indeed, people with mental health problems are increasingly likely to use alcohol to excess, while those dependent on alcohol have more chance of experiencing concurrent mental health problems. Therefore, it is of no surprise that individuals with alcohol use problems are lacking in terms of flourishing (Keyes, 2005, 2015; McGaffin et al., 2015). It is important to better understand the relationship between alcohol dependence and mental health problems to guide and inform treatment and recovery interventions for people who are likely troubled with a combination of the two.