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Substance Use Risk Reduction
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Substances are psychoactive chemicals that produce effects through intoxication. SUDs develop over time with repeated administration of the substance; this is commonly referred to as “addiction.” Addiction is defined as a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive substance seeking, continued use despite harmful consequences, and long-lasting changes in the brain. It is a complex brain disorder and a mental illness with multilayered etiologies that can vary across individuals (National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA], 2020).
Affirm Recovery
Published in Sandra Rasmussen, Developing Competencies for Recovery, 2023
Tertiary prevention emphasizes relapse prevention and chronic disease management for people with addiction. As discussed in Chapter 2, addiction is a treatable, chronic medical disease. Treatment approaches for addiction are generally as successful as those for other chronic diseases.
The Sociocultural Context of Prevention Practice
Published in Nicole M. Augustine, Prevention Specialist Exam Study Guide, 2023
Prevention has a major role to play in reducing the burden of addiction on our society. People may drink or use drugs to cope with the effects of poverty, discrimination, or trauma. Prevention empowers people in communities to address these problems together. Prevention professionals must be equipped to discuss all substances (such as alcohol, marijuana, opioids) and all behaviors (injection drug use, sexual transmission of HIV). Prevention is about developing personal competence through education and training; fostering community support; building professional networks; participating in prevention efforts at local, regional, state/provincial, national, and international levels; and making service linkages. Ethical values are central to the integrity of our profession. As prevention practitioners, we will advise policymakers on evidence-based practices that can best advance health promotion efforts. Our potential for social impact is great!
The Role of Gabapentinoids in the Substance Use Pattern of Adult Germans Seeking Inpatient Detoxification Treatment – A Pilot Study
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2023
Udo Bonnet, Ann-Kristin Kanti, Norbert Scherbaum, Michael Specka
Another core feature of a clearly addictive drug is the need of persons to seek a detoxification and/or rehabilitation treatment wishing to be “liberated” from an unwanted, compulsive use of this drug (Bonnet et al. 2017). At this juncture, we did not find any study which has investigated the position of GPTs as primary drugs, i.e., the leading addictive substances, having moved patients to detox and/or rehab treatments. However, indirect evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies might support such a phenomenon (Al-Husseini, Wazaify, and Van Hout 2018; Abouzed and Emam 2020, Scherbaum et al. 2020; Tambon et al. 2021). To shed more light onto this topic, we interviewed patients who had been admitted to a German metropolitan detoxification center about the role of GPTs in their current and past substance use pattern.
Combining scoping review and concept analysis methodologies to clarify the meaning of rehabilitation potential after acquired brain injury
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Priscilla Lam Wai Shun, Bonnie Swaine, Carolina Bottari
The online Oxford English Dictionary defines potential as “possible as opposed to actual; having or showing the capacities to develop into something in the future” [46]. It defines “rehabilitation” as the “restoration of a person to health or normal activity after injury, illness, disablement, or addiction by means of medical or surgical treatment, physical and occupational therapy, psychological counselling, etc.” [46]. The World Health Organization defines rehabilitation as a “set of measures that assist individuals, who experience or are likely to experience disability, to achieve and maintain optimum functioning in interaction with their environment” [47]. Put together, these definitions suggest that rehabilitation potential after an injury has to do with estimating the patient’s capacity to achieve a certain level of functioning by means of a set of health care interventions. The definitions differ, however, regarding the nature of the improvement expected as the former suggests restoring a person to health or normal activity, whereas the latter places emphasis on achieving and maintaining optimal functioning.
Effects of Multiple Detoxifications on Withdrawal Symptoms, Psychiatric Distress and Alcohol-Craving in Patients with an Alcohol Use Disorder
Published in Behavioral Medicine, 2021
Martha Ooms, Hendrik G. Roozen, Juul H. Willering, Wobbe P. Zijlstra, Ranne de Waart, Anna E. Goudriaan
Although the sensitization is illustrated by a higher incidence of seizure activity, other symptoms of withdrawal also become manifest that may be subject to a similar process of sensitization.19 During the progression of alcohol use disorders, repeated alcohol withdrawals may worsen withdrawal-induced states of stress, anxiety and depression,20 which are considered prominent clusters of symptoms frequently associated with alcohol withdrawal.19,21 In addition, elevated levels of alcohol craving have been reported,22,23 whereby craving – next to elevated levels of symptoms such as stress, depression, and anxiety – may potentiate alcohol relapse.19,24–26 It has also been suggested that changes in the brain mechanisms that modulate alcohol’s rewarding effects may become more pronounced following intermittent alcohol exposure,27 and subsequently, may be a crucial process underlying the progression and severity of addiction.20 Reciprocally, patients with more severe addiction problems typically experience increased withdrawal symptoms during detoxification, both physically and psychologically.28 Repeated episodes of withdrawal are associated with diminished brain plasticity29,30 and cognitive and emotional disruptions,31 whereby the cortical modulation of emotions and control functioning is deteriorated.32