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Grand Summary and Conclusions
Published in Mark C Houston, The Truth About Heart Disease, 2023
Coronary heart disease is caused by a reduction in the blood supply due to obstruction by a plaque in one or more of the coronary arteries to the heart muscle (myocardium), which results in decreased delivery of fresh blood, oxygen, and nutrients. Less commonly, vasospasm may cause CHD. The plaque is made up of fatty material, oxidized cholesterol and fats, inflammatory cells, white blood cells, immune cells, smooth muscle cells, and other substances. The top five CHD risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia (abnormal cholesterol), obesity, and smoking) must be redefined based on new information, and the top 25 CHD risk factors need to be assessed as well. There are actually over 400 risk factors for CHD. There are an infinite number of insults to the coronary artery to cause CHD but only three finite responses: inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular immune dysfunction. Seventy-five percent of myocardial infarctions are caused by unstable plaque rupture and a blood clot (thrombus) in a coronary artery without previous angina symptoms.
Performance of Diverse Machine Learning Algorithms for Heart Disease Prognosis
Published in Ayodeji Olalekan Salau, Shruti Jain, Meenakshi Sood, Computational Intelligence and Data Sciences, 2022
Dhruv Kaliraman, Gauri Kamath, Suchitra Khoje, Prajakta Pardeshi
Diagnosis is a difficult, and critical process must be completed correctly and quickly. The availability of high-quality treatments at reasonable prices is a major concern for healthcare organizations such as hospitals and emergency centers [5]. However, if the coronary disease is diagnosed early enough, it can be successfully treated by a combination of dietary modifications, medical treatments, and surgical procedures [3]. The complications of heart disease can be decreased, and the heart’s rhythm can be increased with the proper therapy [6].
Case 24
Published in Andrew Solomon, Julia Anstey, Liora Wittner, Priti Dutta, Clinical Cases, 2021
Andrew Solomon, Julia Anstey, Liora Wittner, Priti Dutta
A coronary angiogram is a central investigation for coronary heart disease. It is both diagnostic and potentially therapeutic. It helps with the diagnostic process by ascertaining whether or not coronary vasospasm or any form of local arterial dissection is present. It also localises lesions of tight coronary artery stenosis. It is performed by a trained cardiologist via arterial puncture of the radial (or femoral artery), and radio-opaque contrast demonstrates the findings.
Myristicin regulates proliferation and apoptosis in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-stimulated human vascular smooth muscle cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signalling pathway
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Liang Luo, Huiying Liang, Luoying Liu
Coronary heart disease refers to heart disease caused by atherosclerosis (AS) of the coronary arteries, narrowing or occluding the vascular lumen, leading to myocardial ischaemia, hypoxia or necrosis. AS, the main cause of coronary heart and peripheral vascular disease, has been identified as a chronic inflammatory disease (Libby et al. 2019). AS is characterized by arterial intimal lesions, accumulation of complex carbohydrates, fibrous tissue hyperplasia and calcification, as well as arterial wall thickening and hardening (Feig et al. 2012; Gistera and Hansson 2017). Furthermore, previous reports have demonstrated that the accumulation of human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs) and dysfunction of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are associated with the pathogenesis of AS. For example, Tao et al. (2019) revealed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) cancer susceptibility 11 improves AS by downregulating IL-9 and regulating VSMC apoptosis and proliferation. A study by Soltani et al. (2016) demonstrated that curcumin protects against ionizing radiation-induced AS by suppressing the adhesion of HUVECs to monocytes. Furthermore, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is considered to be the main marker of AS, and the accumulation of ox-LDL may lead to chronic inflammation, further accelerating the development of AS (Bian et al. 2020; Yang et al. 2020). However, the mechanism of ox-LDL in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of hVSMCs and HUVECs requires further exploration.
Risk factors for a broken heart: understanding drug-induced causes for Takotsubo syndrome and pharmacological treatment options
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2022
Gao Jing Ong, Thanh Ha Nguyen, Sven Y Surikow, John D Horowitz
On patient discharge, a detailed communication should be established with the patient’s usual medical practitioner, and arrangements made to review the patient after 3 months or less. It should be explained to the patient that:- This was not a ‘heart attack’, and has nothing to do with blocked coronary arteries: nor are either aspirin or statins indicated for its treatmentAlthough there will be rapid improvement in echocardiographic appearances, the patient is likely to take at least 3 months to feel better, and there is a chance that some scarring will occur within the heart, resulting in a degree of permanent exercise limitation.There is a small risk of recurrence in future.
Food and beverages undermining elderly health: three food-based dietary guidelines to avoid or delay chronic diseases of lifestyle among the elderly in South Africa
Published in South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2021
Yasaman Jamshidi-Naeini, Gugulethu Moyo, Carin Napier, Wilna Oldewage-Theron
The mechanisms underlying the dietary fat effects on CVD remain unclear. A recent dose–response meta-analysis of cohort showed that reducing total fat or SFA intake does not necessarily bring about an improved lipid profile or lower risk of CVD. The same meta-analysis did not find any association of total dietary fat, PUFA, MUFA and SFA intake with risk of CVD, but TFA intake showed a linear dose–response association with risk of CVD and also an inverse association between PUFA intake and risk of CVD among studies followed for 10 or more years. Although this meta-analysis did not support the hypothesis that dietary fat intake could increase risk of CVD, the role of dietary fat could have been confounded by other food sources such as fruits and vegetables that have a protective role against CVD development.94 In addition, conflicting evidence exists for the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids on lowering risk of CVD, particularly among the elderly.95Coronary heart disease