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Heart Disease
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease, comprises a range of conditions such as heart attack, heart failure, coronary or valvular heart disease, arrythmias, cardiomyopathies, and congenital heart defects. Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the U.S. The most common cause of heart disease is coronary artery disease, which is narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries. Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease also comprises the most common cause of cardiovascular disability. Specific treatment is contingent on the type of heart disease diagnosed.
Deaths Following Cardiac Surgery and Invasive Interventions
Published in Mary N. Sheppard, Practical Cardiovascular Pathology, 2022
Percutaneous coronary angiography and interventions performed via the femoral or radial arteries are the most frequent treatment options now for coronary artery disease (CAD). With the use of very powerful antiplatelet agents to prevent clotting during the procedure, there is a risk of significant bleeding in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, followed by the arterial puncture site used during catheterization, which is usually the groin. The risk is greater with women, elderly patients and those with hypertension. Thus, a pathologist must check carefully for internal haemorrhage in these patients and inspect wound sites as well as the groin carefully, to look for a large haematoma (Fig. 9.1). Major vascular complications of ilio-femoral arterial access after PCI are now infrequent due to the use of smaller catheters and better anticlotting agents. Routine endovascular repair of vascular complications is becoming the treatment of choice, especially for patients who cannot tolerate vascular surgery due to advanced cardiovascular disease or are in a bailout situation.
The patient with acute cardiovascular problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Atherosclerosis is a potentially serious condition where there is a progressive build-up of fatty deposits in the subintimal layer of medium and large arteries. It is a chronic inflammatory condition of the arterial wall that can take several decades for the resulting deposits to reach a level where there is significant disruption to the blood flow along the arteries. Atherosclerosis is a major risk factor for many different conditions involving a reduced blood flow. Collectively, these conditions are known as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Examples of CVD include: Coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction.Peripheral artery disease.Stroke.
Prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among professional drivers: a population-based study
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2023
Hossein Ebrahimi, Mina Shayestefar, Seyedeh Solmaz Talebi, Janice Christie, Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimi
One of the critical problems global healthcare systems are coping with within the twenty-first century is increasing chronic diseases [1]. There is an agreement across all communities suggesting that chronic diseases are increasing contributing to rising of healthcare costs [2,3]. The factors causing chronic diseases, especially the development and progression of coronary artery disease, include unhealthy diet, inadequate physical activity, overweight, and elevated blood pressure [4]. It is the most common modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe [5]. The prevalence of HTN (hypertension) varies significantly across countries and regions [6]. It is estimated that 1.13 billion people worldwide have hypertension, two-thirds of whom live in low- and medium-income countries. There are 422 million people with cardiovascular disease worldwide and more than 17 million deaths due to cardiovascular disease have occurred between 1995 and 2015 because of these diseases [7]. According to the WHO (World Health Organization) report, the prevalence of HTN is currently between 14.7 and 26.4% in different countries of the Eastern Mediterranean region [8]. Studies have reported maybe higher prevalence of hypertension across different provinces as 13.9–27.7% among adults in Iran, which is more prevalent among men [9]. Hypertension is a severe medical condition that considerably increases the risks of cardiac, cerebral, renal, and other diseases [10].
In search of mechanisms to explain the unquestionable benefit derived from sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors use in heart failure patients
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2023
Angel Lopez-Candales, Khalid Sawalha, Betty M. Drees, Nicholas B. Norgard
Over the past several decades, we have witnessed a significant decline in cardiovascular (CVD) mortality in the United States. [1,2] The most significant reduction occurred in the prevalence of coronary heart disease through implementation of lifestyle changes, the use of statins and better blood pressure control. [3–5] Consequently, mortality from ischemic heart disease mortality has continued to decline. [6] However, in sharp contrast mortality from heart failure (HF) has significantly increased since 2011. [7] Several explanations might account for this increased HF mortality including (a) rapid aging of the population, (b) increased prevalence of hypertension, (c) better treatment of coronary artery disease, (d) obesity, and (e) type 2 diabetes mellitus pandemics. [8–17] Unfortunately, all these major risk factors not only increase the incidence of HF but also additive/synergistic consequences contribute to the progression of HF. [8–11]
Review of the international hypnosis literature
Published in American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 2022
Shelagh Freedman, Ian Wickramasekera
This study examined the use of suggestions delivered during hypnosis to lessen anxiety associated with an angiography. A coronary angiography is used to diagnosis coronary artery disease, however, both the procedure and the possibility of discovering disease are sources of anxiety. Here, 169 patients requiring their first, non-urgent angiography were split into two groups. The control group (84) had a conversational meeting with a hypnotist, while the intervention group participated in a hypnosis session in their hospital room right before leaving for the angiography unit. The hypnosis session involved post-hypnotic suggestions for self-hypnosis in the angiography so the patients could manage their potential anxiety and pain. State and trait anxiety were measured the day before the procedure, and state anxiety was measured again immediately before the procedure.