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Physical Aspects of the Sex Response
Published in Philipa A Brough, Margaret Denman, Introduction to Psychosexual Medicine, 2019
Perineal veins generally accompany the corresponding arteries to connect via the internal pudendal veins, draining to the internal iliac vein. The deep dorsal vein of the penis/clitoris drains mainly the glans and corpora cavernosae, and travels along the midline, below the inferior pubic ramus to connect with a venous plexus surrounding the prostate in males and bladder in females.
Anatomy
Published in J. Richard Smith, Giuseppe Del Priore, Robert L. Coleman, John M. Monaghan, An Atlas of Gynecologic Oncology, 2018
Ernest F. Talarico, Jalid Sehouli, Giuseppe Del Priore, Werner Lichtenegger
Venous drainage from the abdominal esophagus, stomach, upper duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, pancreas, and spleen is into the portal vein and the superior mesenteric vein. The inferior mesenteric vein joins the splenic vein before entering the portal vein, and receives blood from the descending and sigmoid colons, and rectal vein plexus. The middle rectal vein drains into the internal iliac vein, and the inferior rectal vein into the internal pudendal vein. The ovarian venous drainage is asymmetric. The right ovarian vein joins the IVC, whereas the left joins the left renal vein. The renal veins are direct tributaries to the IVC.
Management of pelvic congestion syndrome and perineal varicosities
Published in Peter Gloviczki, Michael C. Dalsing, Bo Eklöf, Fedor Lurie, Thomas W. Wakefield, Monika L. Gloviczki, Handbook of Venous and Lymphatic Disorders, 2017
Finally, the perineum also has a dual venous drainage pathway that directly connects the pelvis with the anterior aspect of the lower extremity. The skin of the perineum and the vulva drain through the superficial dorsal vein into the external pudendal vein, which courses laterally and empties into the great saphenous vein at the level of the saphenofemoral junction. The deeper layers of the perineum and the vulva drain through the deep dorsal vein into the internal pudendal vein that merges with the inferior rectal vein and carries blood into the internal iliac vein. There is an anastomotic network that connects the internal and external pudendal veins, establishing another connection between the reproductive structures and the perineum.
Is the endovascular embolization of tributaries of the internal iliac veins essential in the treatment of isolated pelvic-perineal reflux?
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2019
Sergei G. Gavrilov, I. S. Lebedev
Of note, the reflux of contrast medium through the tributaries of the IIV was found only after their selective catheterization was performed. When the contrast agent was injected in the IIV trunks on the left and right sides and the Valsalva test was performed with a respiratory retention of at least 5 s, there was no retrograde flow of contract medium into the parietal tributaries of the IIV. The visualized flow in the internal pudendal vein and obturator vein was not accompanied by further distribution of the contrast medium into the superficial veins of the perineum or lower extremities. That is, according to the results of phlebography, there was no evident connection between the intrapelvic, vulvar, and perineal veins, and, hence, there was no constant and continuous PPR.