China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Nucleic Acids as Therapeutic Targets and Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Epirubicin is approved in the UK for the treatment of breast cancer and for the treatment and prophylaxis of certain forms of superficial bladder cancer (via intravesical instillation). It is favored over doxorubicin in some chemotherapy regimens as it appears to cause fewer side effects. However, it is necessary to carefully monitor the maximum cumulative dose to help avoid cardiotoxicity.
Immunosuppressants, rheumatic and gastrointestinal topics
Published in Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara, Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara
Adverse drug reactions. The side effects are similar to those of CsA although hirsutism and gingivitis are less frequent. Cardiotoxicity has been reported in a few patients [22]. Many paediatric centres favour this drug, due to its potent activity together with the absence of hirsutism.
Drug Analysis of Protein Microspheres: From Pharmaceutical Preparation to In Vivo Fate
Published in Neville Willmott, John Daly, Microspheres and Regional Cancer Therapy, 2020
Jeffrey Cummings, David Watson, John F. Smyth
Daunorubicin (daunomycin, rubidomycin) was the first anthracycline antibiotic to be discovered (in 1963) followed by doxorubicin (adriamycin) (in 1969), and together these two remain the most useful clinically.5 Both drugs are used extensively in combination chemotherapy, with doxorubicin having the wider spectrum of clinical activity. Both exhibit the classic toxicity profiles of cytotoxic drugs: nausea and vomiting, gastrointestinal tract toxicity, hair loss, and myelosuppression. In addition, they induce a unique toxicity to the heart, which is related to cumulative dose and peak plasma drug concentrations and is irreversible. Originally, this cardiotoxicity stimulated the drive for new compounds and analog development, but drug resistance, both in the form of the multidrug resistance phenotype6,7 and the atypical (altered topoisomerase II) multidrug resistance phenotype,8 is generally considered the major clinical problem to be overcome by the pharmacologist. Cardiotoxicity can be controlled by altering dose schedules without loss of anticancer activity.9 Because doxorubicin is the more active drug and has been incorporated in microspheres, the following sections will deal exclusively with doxorubicin.
Identification and protection of early cardiotoxicity in acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing transplantation
Published in Hematology, 2023
Tiantian Jiang, Mei Wang, Nan Zhang, Qian Dong, Xiaoqiong Tang
The backbone of therapy for AML is a combination of cytarabine- and anthracycline-based regimens with HSCT for eligible candidates. Chemotherapy agents act by destroying malignant cells, but they may also have the adverse effects to cardiac function. Cardiotoxicity has been proved to be positively correlated with the cumulative dose of anthracyclines [4]. In addition, bacterial sepsis occurs frequently during AML treatment and contributes to the development of infection-associated left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) [5]. With the improved survival by advanced therapy strategies, cardiotoxicity becomes more clinically relevant. The AAML0531 Clinical Trial has demonstrated that the occurrence of early cardiotoxicity was associated with statistically significant and clinically meaningful reductions in event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) [6]. In patients undergoing HSCT, reduced LVEF (<50%) is associated with an increased risk of nonrelapse mortality (NRM) and GVHD [7]. Therefore, early detection of cardiotoxicity and initiation of cardioprotective therapy (CPT) are extremely important.
Cardiotoxicity in pediatric lymphoma survivors
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2021
Neha Bansal, Chaitya Joshi, Michael Jacob Adams, Kelley Hutchins, Andrew Ray, Steven E. Lipshultz
Survival outcomes for children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer have made remarkable strides over the past five decades with more than 80% becoming long-term survivors [1]. With increased survival, however, the rates of adverse late effects due to previous cancer treatments have increased. Cardiotoxicity is one of the most worrisome and prevalent late effects plaguing this survivor population [2]. This is of particular importance to pediatric lymphoma survivors, as many adverse effects are related to intensive chemotherapy and radiation treatment (RT). Given the significant gains in overall survival rates among the majority of these patients, the focus has shifted toward strategies in which toxicity may be prevented for future generations, as well as to appropriately treat those living with cardiotoxicity.
Radiation metabolomics in the quest of cardiotoxicity biomarkers: the review
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2020
Michalina Gramatyka, Maria Sokół
From a molecular perspective, the most important cause of cardiotoxicity at low doses are free radicals (primarily reactive oxygen species; ROS) generated by radiation. They induce oxidative stress, disrupt metabolic processes and trigger inflammatory response in living cells (Jang et al. 2016; Tapio 2016). At low, physiological concentrations, free radicals play an important role in regulating protein kinases and phosphatases, as well as in maintaining cellular homeostasis, cardiomyocytes contractility and proper functioning of endothelial cells (Bhattacharya and Asaithamby 2016). Higher concentrations of free radicals lead to cellular death by damaging cell structures, disturbing enzymatic activity, and causing lipid peroxidation (Ishikawa et al. 2010). ROS also lead to impaired mitochondrial functioning and damage of their structure (Barjaktarovic et al. 2013b; Azimzadeh et al. 2017).