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Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Prasad Thakurdesai, Fenugreek, 2022
G. Sindhu, Chithra K. Pushpan, A. Helen
Bioactive compounds isolated from the leaves and seeds have been studied for their activity. Diosgenin has been widely studied for its vasoprotective effects. Fenugreek seed flour and diosgenin were studied for their ability to protect endothelial dysfunction in rat models. The animals were supplemented with fenugreek seed flour and diosgenin along with their diet in varying concentrations for a period of 6 weeks. The study showed protection against endothelial damage and antioxidant properties in both the fenugreek flour and diosgenin with fenugreek flour showing comparatively increased protection. This is explained as a cumulative effect of other bioactive components in fenugreek other than diosgenin. Their study shows an improvement in glutathione reductase activity, oxidized and reduced glutathione which is indicative of its ability to regulate the redox balance in blood, which can contribute to vasoprotective effects (Szabó et al., 2018). The vasoprotective effect by regulating lipid metabolism and molecules involved in cell signaling involved in vascular homeostasis has been studied with diosgenin (Manivannan et al., 2013).
Metabolomics in normal and pathologic pregnancies
Published in Moshe Hod, Vincenzo Berghella, Mary E. D'Alton, Gian Carlo Di Renzo, Eduard Gratacós, Vassilios Fanos, New Technologies and Perinatal Medicine, 2019
Antonio Ragusa, Alessandro Svelato, Sara D'Avino
In PE a positive correlation between inflammation and oxidative stress was also highlighted, which can induce endothelial dysfunction. In women with PE, reduced activity of taurine transporters in the placental tissue was seen. The low levels of placental taurine (with antihypertensive and vasoprotective effect) could compromise the invasion of the trophoblast by the maternal spiral arteries and, consequently, reduce the transfer of nutrients to the fetus (52), in addition to producing a relative hypoxia. Subsequently, under hypoxic conditions, pro-inflammatory cytokines are upregulated, and the degradation of purine nucleotides increases (61), with consequent increase of uric acid in the blood.
Health Benefits of Green Tea
Published in Robert E.C. Wildman, Richard S. Bruno, Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 2019
Priyankar Dey, Geoffrey Y. Sasaki, Richard S. Bruno
The benefits of green tea on cardiovascular risk may be attributed to its vasoprotective activity that was observed in coronary artery disease patients who received dietary EGCG supplementation.127 Similar benefits on vascular function were also observed among healthy persons who were supplemented with EC.128 Smokers who were instructed to consume green tea daily also had lower levels of C-reactive protein and oxidized LDL in association with reduced concentrations of the platelet activation marker P-selectin.129 These findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory activities of green tea or its catechins help to improve vascular endothelial function. Invasive studies in rodents have also revealed that EGCG increases the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase,130 which is critical for nitric oxide–dependent vascular function. Anti-inflammatory activities of catechins that decrease the expression of cellular adhesion molecules131 and the recruitment of monocytes132 are also likely to improve vascular health. Related activities, including inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase133 and increasing endothelial prostacyclin production,134 may also contribute to the benefits of green tea to maintain vascular function.
Comparison of the effects of methylprednisolone, hyperbaric oxygen and hesperidin + diosmin on the facial nerve injury: an experimental animal model
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2023
Yaşar Özbuğday, Mehmet Erkan Kahraman, Abdullah Arslan, Ilknur Küçükosmanoğlu
Hesperidin + Diosmin, is effectively used as a vasoprotective agent in varicose veins, hemorrhoids and lymphedema. This agent reduces capillary permeability and edema, and increases blood flow at the tissue level [12,13]. The effects of hesperidin, one of the components of HD, can be attributed to many mechanisms such as free radical scavenging, suppression of inflammation, inhibition of enzymes responsible for free radical formation and facilitating the endogenous antioxidative defense system [13,14]. In addition, it has been shown in animal studies that hesperidin protects neuronal cells in various regions of the brain against ischemia, stroke, and oxidative-induced damage [15]. In our study, which we designed based on the positive effects of flavonoids on microcirculation and their potential neuroprotective activities in central nervous system studies, we observed the positive effects of HD on traumatic FN injury, both histopathologically and functionally. This potential positive effect and mechanism of action needs to be demonstrated by further studies in animals and humans.
Clinical pharmacology of SGLT-2 inhibitors in heart failure
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2023
Maria Velliou, Effie Polyzogopoulou, Ioannis Ventoulis, John Parissis
The existing clinical evidence suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors are one of the cornerstone therapies in the medical management of HF, exerting their beneficial effects across all spectrums of HF clinical phenotypes, regardless of the underlying left ventricular EF. They might represent a promising therapeutic option in both individuals at risk for HF and those with established disease, in view of the fact that they reduce the risk of HF-related events and improve survival. These favorable effects are potentially mediated by three main mechanistic actions: (i) a ‘smart’ diuretic/natriuretic action, which leads to reduction of interstitial/extracellular edemaoedema without causing intravascular volume depletion and subsequent neurohormonal activation, (ii) an action as metabolic modulators whichmodulators that improve cardiac bioenergetics both directly and indirectly, and (iii) a vasoprotective action whichaction that enhances vascular compliance as well as arterio-ventricular coupling, a parameter that is actively involved in the pathophysiology of both HF with preserved EF and the hypertrophic type of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, these drugs seem to exert renoprotective action in patients with cardiovascular disease and underlying kidney disease.
The protective effects of aloperine against ox-LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in HUVECs
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2020
Weiwei Li, Yanshu Li, Yi Zhao, Lina Ren
Lastly, we found that the effects of aloperine are mediated through rescue of the protective KLF2 zinc-finger transcriptional factor via suppressing the phosphorylation of p53 protein. The role of KLF2 is rather unique, as this factor responds to mechanical forces (shear stress) as well as signalling molecules such as ox-LDL [40,41]. KLF2 is known to induce vasoprotective effects in endothelial cells, including anti-inflammation, antithrombosis, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-proliferation. Modulating the expression of KLF2 is considered a promising treatment strategy against atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases [42]. Here, we show that aloperine remarkably rescues KLF2 expression from the reduction induced by ox-LDL. We further demonstrate that this effect was mediated through inhibition of the phosphorylation of p53. Taken together, our findings provide evidence of aloperine as a safe and effective treatment against atherosclerosis. Aloperine not only ameliorated oxidative stress and the expression of IL-6 and MCP-1 but also significantly inhibited the expression of LOX-1. The results of our cell viability assay show that aloperine can prevent endothelial cell apoptosis induced by ox-LDL. The ability of aloperine to rescue KLF2 expression indicates a valuable vasoprotective effect. Further research using animal models is warranted to elucidate whether these effects are observable in vivo.