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The Use of Capillaroscopy and Aggregometry Methods to Diagnose the Alterations of Microcirculation and Microrheology in Diabetes
Published in Andrey V. Dunaev, Valery V. Tuchin, Biomedical Photonics for Diabetes Research, 2023
Andrei E. Lugovtsov, Yury I. Gurfinkel, Petr B. Ermolinskiy, Anastasia A. Fabrichnova, Alexander V. Priezzhev
There is sufficient evidence indicating that increased blood viscosity is a pathogenetic factor in the development of diabetic microangiopathy, microcirculation disorders, and reduced tissue perfusion in DM [19]. Increasing blood viscosity may also be particularly important in the etiology of diabetic retinopathy [15,20,21]. The development of diabetic angiopathy has been shown to be associated with abnormalities in hematocrit, plasma viscosity, and RBC aggregation [22,23] and reduced deformity of RBCs [24,25]. Thus, patients suffering from DM have a higher blood viscosity than people without DM [25].
Rheology of Diabetes Mellitus
Published in Gordon D. O. Lowe, Clinical Blood Rheology, 2019
Of the three primary determinants of blood flow (vessel radius, perfusion pressure, and blood viscosity), which is important in the etiology of this circulatory impairment in diabetics? Understandably, vessel radius (vascular morphology), mathematically the most powerful of these determinants (flow being proportional to the fourth power of the radius), has been most extensively investigated in diabetes. Perfusion pressure has not been widely studied. A small number of publications has shown an increased prevalence of hypertension in diabetes, and rigid control of blood pressure is believed to retard the progression of renal, and possibly other, complications. Blood rheology, the third primary flow determinant, is now receiving increasing attention as an important component of diabetic angiopathy, and the purpose of this chapter is to review the studies in this area and to examine the possible contribution of altered hemorheology to the etiology and progression of diabetic complications.
Fluid Dynamics and Hemorheology in Vivo: The Interactions of Hemodynamic Parameters and Hemorheological “Properties” in Determining the Flow Behavior of Blood in Microvascular Networks
Published in Gordon D. O. Lowe, Clinical Blood Rheology, 2019
The vasomotor influences on network geometric conductivity are subject to considerable changes in disease states. It goes without saying that obliterative arterial diseases, especially when not compensated by arterio-arterial anastomoses, and small artery changes such as occur in hypertensive diseases, in various forms of angiitis and arteriolosclerosis (see textbooks of pathology), give rise to pronounced alterations in network characteristics. Unfortunately, quantitative data in this area are almost completely missing. From functional data there is evidence, however, that reductions in arterial conductance are, as a rule, compensated by increases in arteriolar and capillary conductance. There is ample evidence suggesting that precapillary resistance vessels relax, presumably due to myogenic and/or metabolic autoregulation. Furthermore, there is evidence that in many forms of chronic degenerative and inflammatory diseases, and especially in many diseases associated with overtly abnormal blood rheology, there is an increase in capillary diameter.22 A list of disease states23–39 for which such growth has been reported (in most cases not by quantitative measurements) is given in Table 2. The existence of giant capillaries in connective tissue diseases, in secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon and in various hyperviscosity syndromes has been well documented by intravital microphotography.31,40,41 Capillary growth in diabetes mellitus is also documented in the retinal, the conjuctival, and the cutaneous vessels: high (rather than low) blood flow at rest is a typical sign of diabetic angiopathy.
The effect of 75-g oral glucose tolerance test on maternal and foetal Doppler parameters in healthy pregnancies: a cross-sectional observational study
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021
Reyhan Ayaz, Taner Günay, Oguz Devrim Yardımcı, Abdulkadir Turgut, Handan Ankaralı
The CPR increases from 21 weeks to a peak at 33 weeks and then decreases throughout the 39 weeks. While MCA PSV increases throughout the second half of pregnancy, PI in the MCA declines in the last 10 weeks of gestation to enhances blood and nutrient flow to the brain tissue, contributing to brain tissue development (Ebbing et al. 2007). The foetus responds to a short-term increase in nutrient supply by increasing blood flow to the brain tissue by decreasing the cerebral vascular resistance (Opheim et al. 2018). There are some mechanisms underlying cerebral vasodilation. One of the mechanism is circulating vasoactive substances including endothelium-dependent L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway. Increased glucose concentrations in the endothelial cell cultures of human UV induce increased insulin levels and insulin stimulates nitric oxide production, leading to reduced vascular wall tension (Sobrevia et al. 1996). The L arginine/nitric oxide pathway plays a key role in the vascular tone control and nitric oxide bioavailability is affected by hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress (Gonzalez et al. 2015). The nitric oxide affects the endothelial cell functions, vascular tone, platelet aggregation, and endothelium-leukocyte interaction (Forstermann et al. 1993; Schmidt and Walter 1994). There is some interaction between these cells in diabetic angiopathy (Davies and Hagen 1993; King et al. 1994). Elevated extracellular D-glucose increases oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction via increasing hCAT-1-mediated L-arginine transport and NO synthesis (the ‘L-arginine/NO pathway’) leading to endothelial dysfunction (Gonzalez et al. 2015).
The effect of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on excisional wound healing in vivo
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2020
Bong-Sung Kim, Benjamin Breuer, Kevin Arnke, Tim Ruhl, Tanja Hofer, David Simons, Matthias Knobe, Bergita Ganse, Marco Guidi, Justus P. Beier, Paul C. Fuchs, Norbert Pallua, Jürgen Bernhagen, Gerrit Grieb
Wound healing is a complex body response for tissue restoration after injury. While physiological wound repair processes result in scar formation after a short time period, non-healing wounds present a serious threat to patients and global healthcare systems. Non-healing wounds are often caused by impaired wound perfusion due to etiologies such as diabetic angiopathy or peripheral arterial disease resulting in tissue hypoxia [1]. Furthermore, a prolonged tissue inflammation due to many intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as metabolic diseases, tension to the wound, bacterial infection further inhibits wound healing.
Risuteganib—a novel integrin inhibitor for the treatment of non-exudative (dry) age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2020
Lincoln T. Shaw, Anna Mackin, Reanna Shah, Siona Jain, Prisha Jain, Ravi Nayak, Seenu M. Hariprasad
Integrin heterodimer αMβ2 plays a role in the immune response by participating in chemotaxis, inflammation, phagocytosis, and cell-mediated killing functions [29]. Additionally, it may play a role in inflammatory diseases such as diabetic angiopathy by interacting with TGF-β-induced extracellular matrix proteins [33].