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The Integrative Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Prevention Program
Published in Mark C Houston, The Truth About Heart Disease, 2023
Before embarking on an exercise program of any kind or changing the exercise regimen you already have a complete history, physical exam, labs, cardiovascular risk factor analysis, and cardiopulmonary exercise test are suggested. Interval training with rapid bursts of activity may precipitate plaque rupture in a coronary artery in some predisposed individuals and result in myocardial infarction.
Pulmonary Evaluation and Management of Early-Onset Scoliosis
Published in Alaaeldin (Alaa) Azmi Ahmad, Aakash Agarwal, Early-Onset Scoliosis, 2021
Laura Ellington, Mary Crocker, Gregory Redding
There are multiple other tests that can complement thoracic imaging and spirometry if available. Exercise testing using a treadmill or stationary bicycle will demonstrate a limited ability to perform external work, a reduced maximum oxygen consumption despite an expected elevated heart rate, and often deconditioning [1]. The 6-minute walk test has also been used in children with EOS, and the distance walked is often reduced. This test, like the formal cardiopulmonary exercise test, is not specific to lung function limitations, as it is also affected by strength, cardiac status, balance, and developmental status. Neither test has been used to make decisions regarding surgery and cannot be used as a surrogate for lung function alone, as correlates between exercise-derived data and spirometric data are poor until pulmonary limitations are severe.
Assessment for Rehabilitation of COVID-19
Published in Wenguang Xia, Xiaolin Huang, Rehabilitation from COVID-19, 2021
The cardiopulmonary exercise test determines the exercise ability of subjects by the method of respiratory metabolism, including the stress response of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, blood system, neurophysiology, and skeletal muscle system to the same exercise. And it can make real-time measurements of oxygen intake, carbon dioxide output, pulmonary ventilation, heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, and other indexes during subjects’ rest, exercise, and convalescent period. Combined with patients’ symptoms during exercise, comprehensive and objective assessments of patients’ exercise response, cardiopulmonary functional reserve, and degree of functional impairment can be gained. CPET is an objective, quantitative, and noninvasive method that can reflect cardiopulmonary metabolism and overall function at the same time. It is also a noninvasive examination method widely used to assess human respiratory and circulatory function that is regarded as the “gold standard” for cardiopulmonary function assessment.
The relation between submaximal aerobic exercise improving vascular elasticity through loss of visceral fat and antihypertensive
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2021
Hong Fang, Chi Liu, Omer Cavdar
According to the cardiopulmonary exercise test, the exercise program of participants was designed. Individual exercise prescription and training for the patients based on the cardiopulmonary exercise. The treadmill exercise trial was performed and modified according to Nielsen as described. Briefly, before and after the training period the subjects performed a 60 min treadmill exercise bout at 65% of Pmax. The program was composed of a warm-up, main exercise, and cooldown. Exercise intensity was adjusted according to the principle of gradual overload. The exercise period for this study was 12 months and frequency was set to three times a week. The participants were instructed to maintain their habitual diets. Furthermore, the subjects were instructed not to eat 2 hours prior to the daily exercise sessions. To be safe, all observational objects still use antihypertensive drugs. For assuring the comparability, every participant was administered with benazepril (10 mg daily) and amlodipine (5 mg daily) during the experiment period (10, 11).
Association of lifetime blood pressure with adulthood exercise blood pressure response: the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study
Published in Blood Pressure, 2021
Emilia Kähönen, Heikki Aatola, Kristiina Pälve, Janne Hulkkonen, Atte Haarala, Kalle Sipilä, Markus Juonala, Terho Lehtimäki, Olli T. Raitakari, Mika Kähönen, Nina Hutri-Kähönen
One of the strengths of the present work is that this study was based on a large randomly selected cohort of young adults who were followed for 27 years since childhood. Some limitations, however, need to be taken into consideration. The rather high prevalence of elevated BP in childhood might be partially explained by white coat syndrome. However, such high prevalence has also been previously reported in some other cohorts [10]. The cardiopulmonary exercise test was performed on average 14 months later than the main follow-up visit. However, since focus was on lifetime BP through childhood to adulthood, we do not consider this as a major limitation in the current study. Although non-invasive BP measurement is probably the most feasible method for exercise BP measurement, it can be also considered as a study limitation due to its uncertainty in the precise measurement of BP values during exercise. Additionally, the study cohort was rather homogenous ethnically, consisting solely of white European (Finnish) subjects. Therefore, the results may not be directly generalisable to other populations.
The effect of antidepressant medications in the management of heart failure on outcomes: mortality, cardiovascular function and depression – a systematic review
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2018
Thurkka Rajeswaran, Carla M. Plymen, Anne M. Doherty
Fraguas et al. conducted an RCT on 72 older (over 65 years) outpatients with ejection fraction greater than 50 and diagnosed with major depressive disorder by DSM-IV (Fraguas et al., 2009). Here the main outcome measures were depressive status and cardiovascular status. Depressive status was measured using three tools: HAM-D-17, HAM-D-31 and Montgomery-As berg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Thirty-seven patients, 19 randomised to the citalopram arm and 18 to the placebo arm took part in an 8-week double-blind treatment phase. No significant difference was seen between the test and placebo group on the HAM-D-17 and HAM-D-31 score. However, a statistically significant difference was seen in the MADRS scoring system. The authors raise the question if this scoring system is more sensitive in this population. Cardiovascular status was assessed using a cardiopulmonary exercise test (looking into length of expiratory efforts, heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen consumption). They found no significant difference in the pre and post-treatment parameters in any of the groups. Overall, this paper shows that there is no difference in the cardiovascular status between the test and placebo group, and very little difference in depression status. The trial was interrupted due to high placebo rate. Yet the authors argue that a longer period may have been needed to observe the full effect of the antidepressant.