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Bioelectric and Biomagnetic Signal Analysis
Published in Arvind Kumar Bansal, Javed Iqbal Khan, S. Kaisar Alam, Introduction to Computational Health Informatics, 2019
Arvind Kumar Bansal, Javed Iqbal Khan, S. Kaisar Alam
In ectopic atrial tachycardia (EAT), there are few discrete ectopic-nodes in the atria firing at a faster rate than SA-node. The electrical activity of the SA-node is weak, and it is interfered by the electrical activities of the ectopic-nodes. The axis of P-waves keeps changing, and the compression of the atria is erratic. The amplitude traveling through the AV-node is weak causing a low amplitude QRS-complex. Symptoms include shortness of breath, dizziness and palpitations. Due to extremely fast conduction activities in the AV-node, a heart may go through hemodynamic derangement and cardiac-arrest. The waveform for EAT is shown in Figure 7.12b.
Atrial fibrillation and other arrhythmias
Published in Neeraj Parakh, Ravi S. Math, Vivek Chaturvedi, Mitral Stenosis, 2018
Neeraj Parakh, Vivek Chaturvedi
Atrial fibrillation (AF) can occur as a complication of virtually any form of heart disease but its association with rheumatic mitral valve disease is most noteworthy. In the eighteenth century, French scientist Jean Baptiste De Senac described “rebellious palpitations” with mitral valve disease as the first description for AF. In 1902, James Mackenjie in his classic monogram “The analysis of the pulse” described the disappearance of a presystolic murmur and presystolic a-wave in a patient of mitral stenosis (MS) with development of irregular jugular venous pulsations. The first ECG description of AF in MS was reported by William Einthoven in 1906 as “pulsus inaequalis et irregularis”1 (Figure 18.1). Development of AF in patients with MS leads to a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. These patients are at increased risk of thrombo-embolism and stroke, as well as complications of long term anticoagulation.2 The loss of atrial kick because of AF leads to further deterioration in the already-compromised hemodynamics and subsequent worsening of symptoms. Other supraventricular tachycardias such as left-atrial flutter, ectopic atrial tachycardia, multifocal atrial tachycardia, and frequent atrial ectopics may occur in some cases (Figures 18.2 and 18.3). Occasionally, these arrhythmias are forerunners for the future development of AF.3
Hybrid and surgical procedures for the treatment of persistent and longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2018
Jose M. Sanchez, Ghannam Al-Dosari, Sherman Chu, Ramin Beygui, Tobias Deuse, Nitish Badhwar, Randall J. Lee
In contrast to the LAA implant devices, epicardial exclusion of the LAA has been shown to be a beneficial adjunctive therapy to PVI [46,47]. Ectopic atrial tachycardia foci originating from the LAA has been shown to be a source of atrial tachycardias and a trigger for AF and has recently been demonstrated to increase the recurrence of AF [48]. Over the last few years, there has been an abundance of data that targeting the LAA may result in favorable outcomes in those with persistent AF. LAA isolation during catheter ablation is associated with the risk of cardiac perforation, tamponade, and electromechanical dissociation resulting in potential LAA thrombus formation [43,44,49]. These complications can be avoided if the LAA is ligated prior to endocardial ablation.
Device profile of the Coala Heart Monitor for remote monitoring of the heart rhythm: overview of its efficacy
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Per Insulander, Carina Carnlöf, Karin Schenck-Gustafsson, Mats Jensen-Urstad
A better and more distinct atrial activity may be recorded by the chest measurement compared to the thumb measurement, also improving interpretation. Examples are given in Figure 2. This is valuable in differentiating AF from high rate ectopic atrial tachycardia with low amplitude P waves and irregular AV nodal conduction or frequent premature atrial complex (PAC).