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Normal and Abnormal Development of the Biliary Tree
Published in Gianfranco Alpini, Domenico Alvaro, Marco Marzioni, Gene LeSage, Nicholas LaRusso, The Pathophysiology of Biliary Epithelia, 2020
The two vitelline veins that supply the sinusoidal network of the 3 to 6 week developing liver run from the yolk sac into the septum transversum. The sinusoidal network drains into the paired horns of the sinus venosus of the cardiac primordium. The definitive venous inflow to the fetal liver is established by 7 weeks as the paired vitelline veins from the abdomen unite to form the portal vein, entering now the greatly enlarged hepatic primordium through what is termed the porta hepatis, or hilum of the liver. The intrahepatic branching venous system derived from the portal vein and the mesenchyme surrounding these veins are now collectively termed portal tracts. The hepatic artery is derived from the celiac axis, and arterial sprouts grow into the hepatic primordium from the hilum along the portal tracts.6,16,17
Embryology of veins and lymphatics
Published in Ken Myers, Paul Hannah, Marcus Cremonese, Lourens Bester, Phil Bekhor, Attilio Cavezzi, Marianne de Maeseneer, Greg Goodman, David Jenkins, Herman Lee, Adrian Lim, David Mitchell, Nick Morrison, Andrew Nicolaides, Hugo Partsch, Tony Penington, Neil Piller, Stefania Roberts, Greg Seeley, Paul Thibault, Steve Yelland, Manual of Venous and Lymphatic Diseases, 2017
Ken Myers, Paul Hannah, Marcus Cremonese, Lourens Bester, Phil Bekhor, Attilio Cavezzi, Marianne de Maeseneer, Greg Goodman, David Jenkins, Herman Lee, Adrian Lim, David Mitchell, Nick Morrison, Andrew Nicolaides, Hugo Partsch, Tony Penington, Neil Piller, Stefania Roberts, Greg Seeley, Paul Thibault, Steve Yelland
Vitelline veins take blood from the yolk sac to the embryo and are later modified to become the superior mesenteric and portal veins, liver sinusoids and hepatic veins, and the final segment becomes the supra-hepatic section of the inferior vena cava.
Development and anatomy of the venous system
Published in Peter Gloviczki, Michael C. Dalsing, Bo Eklöf, Fedor Lurie, Thomas W. Wakefield, Monika L. Gloviczki, Handbook of Venous and Lymphatic Disorders, 2017
Blood is initially returned to the heart tube via the paired sinus venosus.11 The portion of the body that is cranial to the developing heart drains through the bilateral anterior cardinal veins, and the caudal portion of the body drains forward through the bilateral posterior cardinal veins (Figure 2.1). The anterior and posterior cardinal veins join to form the common cardinal veins, with the right and left common cardinal veins draining centrally into the sinus venosus. The common cardinal veins also receive the vitelline and umbilical veins; the vitelline veins later form into the hepatic portal system.
Antenatal sonographic features of persistent extrahepatic vitelline vein aneurysm confused with umbilical vein varix
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2019
Song-Hwa Chae, Il Woon Ji, Seung Hwa Hong, Jin Young Choi, Ho-chang Lee, Jung-Sun Kim, Bitna Kim, Ji-Hun Kim, KiHyeok Song
The development of the venous system consists of three pairs of veins (vitelline, umbilical, and cardinal veins). Among the three veins, the portal system encompasses the vitelline and umbilical vein. The vitelline veins carry the blood from the yolk sac to the heart, while the umbilical veins carry oxygenated blood to the embryo. During embryonic development, the vitelline veins form an anastomotic network around the duodenum and consequently become the hepatic sinusoids. After the yolk sac disappears, the paired vitelline veins regress almost completely with only the cranial segment of the right vitelline vein and the caudal segment of left vitelline vein persisting. In the cranial part of the liver, the right vitelline trunk becomes a suprahepatic portion of the inferior vena cava. In the caudal part of the liver, the vitelline vein forms a single trunk, the portal vein [6]. The superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein drain into the portal vein. In our case, the right vitelline vein, originating from the yolk sac, did not regress normally during embryonic development and maintained the connection between the umbilicus and the distal portal veins (Fig. 4).
Thrombosis of a portal vein aneurysm: a case report with literature review
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2019
Charlotte De Vloo, Tom Matton, Wouter Meersseman, Geert Maleux, Sabrina Houthoofd, Katya Op de Beeck, Wim Laleman, Hannah Van Malenstein, Frederik Nevens, Len Verbeke, Schalk Van der Merwe, Chris Verslype
More specifically, an incomplete regression of the right primitive distal vitelline vein has been proposed as the underlying mechanism for the congenital variant [4–6]. This hypothesis is supported by the in-utero diagnosis of portal vein aneurysms by US [7], as well as the relative frequent occurrence of this entity in children or healthy young adults [8]. In addition, the presence of PVAs in patients with histologically normal livers (without portal hypertension), as well as the frequent stability of such aneurysms over time, supports a congenital etiology [9].