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Fever in Diseases of the Cardiovascular System
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
Certain bacteria have a propensity for venous involvement. They include Staphylococcus aureus, anaerobic Gram-positive peptostreptococci, and peptococci, as well as Campylobacter fetus. A case of bilateral deep brachial vein thrombophlebitis associated with the latter has been described.149
Venous Anatomy
Published in James Michael Forsyth, Ahmed Shalan, Andrew Thompson, Venous Access Made Easy, 2019
James Michael Forsyth, Ahmed Shalan, Andrew Thompson
The brachial vein is a deep vein in the arm; this vessel is paired closely with the brachial artery and median nerve. The brachial vein carries the highest risk of damage to adjacent structures and should therefore only be accessed with ultrasound guidance and advanced operator experience.
Anatomy of veins and lymphatics
Published in Ken Myers, Paul Hannah, Marcus Cremonese, Lourens Bester, Phil Bekhor, Attilio Cavezzi, Marianne de Maeseneer, Greg Goodman, David Jenkins, Herman Lee, Adrian Lim, David Mitchell, Nick Morrison, Andrew Nicolaides, Hugo Partsch, Tony Penington, Neil Piller, Stefania Roberts, Greg Seeley, Paul Thibault, Steve Yelland, Manual of Venous and Lymphatic Diseases, 2017
Ken Myers, Paul Hannah, Marcus Cremonese, Lourens Bester, Phil Bekhor, Attilio Cavezzi, Marianne de Maeseneer, Greg Goodman, David Jenkins, Herman Lee, Adrian Lim, David Mitchell, Nick Morrison, Andrew Nicolaides, Hugo Partsch, Tony Penington, Neil Piller, Stefania Roberts, Greg Seeley, Paul Thibault, Steve Yelland
The basilic vein arises from the ulnar side of the dorsal or palmar arches of the hand and passes along the ulnar side of the forearm and medial arm. It either joins the brachial veins in the upper half of the arm or axillary vein higher up.
A narrative review of historic and current approaches for patients with difficult venous access: considerations for the emergency department
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Andrew Little, Drew G. Jones, Kimberly Alsbrooks
Ultrasound-guided PIV catheter placements may be inserted in any vein of the upper extremities. While deep arm veins (e.g. cephalic, basilic, and brachial veins) are often attempted, these veins may be challenging to access [27,28]. Since standard-length PIV catheters often dislodge from deep arm veins, longer PIV catheters have been recommended [27]. One systematic review of 16 studies of long PIVs (6 cm to 15 cm, with 8 cm being most frequent size, was published by Qin et al., 2020 [29]. This review reported that long PIVs can be safe and reliable in children and adults and shows value in DVA; however, catheter failure rates were shown to vary widely, from 4.3% to 52.5% with leakage, infiltration, and dislodgement, being most frequent causes of failure reported. Furthermore, longer PIV catheters may often not be stocked within emergency departments, further restricting treatment options for DVA in certain situations.
A review of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2021
Oneib Khan, Ashley Marmaro, David A Cohen
Before discussing treatment modalities, it is important to mention brachial vein thromboses in particular. There is ongoing debate whether DVTs of the brachial vein warrant treatment or not. Because the brachial vein is relatively more distal to and of smaller diameter than the axilla-subclavian veins, it may be less symptomatic and portend less complications. There are little data comparing outcomes based on site of UEDVT. One review of ~600 patients with 51 having brachial vein thrombosis alone showed similar mortality and concurrent PE rates among subclavian, axillary, and brachial vein thromboses [37]. CHEST guidelines offer some guidance in recommending the treatment of brachial vein thrombosis if symptoms are present or if associated with an indwelling catheter or active malignancy [38]. When facing asymptomatic brachial vein thrombosis without catheters or active malignancy, management is determined on a case by case basis. The decision to initiate or withhold anticoagulation must be made with thrombosis and bleeding risk of each patient in mind. Another consideration is to repeat compression US to look for clot progression.
Superficial location of the brachial plexus and axillary artery in relation to pectoralis minor: a case report
Published in Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2018
The axillary artery is a continuation of the subclavian artery once it has passed over the first rib. The pectoralis minor muscle is located superficial to the axillary artery and it is this relationship that is used to divide the artery into three parts. The first part of the axillary artery is situated between the first rib and the superior border of pectoralis minor, the second part is deep to pectoralis minor, and the third part is located between the inferior borders of pectoralis minor and teres major muscles, after which it is known as the brachial artery.5 The axillary artery is accompanied by the axillary vein, a continuation of the brachial vein at the inferior border of teres major. The axillary vein is superficial to the axillary artery and becomes the subclavian vein as it crosses over the outer border of rib one.6