China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Congenital cardiac anomalies
Published in Brice Antao, S Irish Michael, Anthony Lander, S Rothenberg MD Steven, Succeeding in Paediatric Surgery Examinations, 2017
Down’s syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, consists of lung hypoplasia with early development of pulmonary vascular occlusive disease, mental retardation with various degrees of hypotonia and neurodevelopmental delay, duodenal atresia, simian crease and a prominent tongue. Cardiac malformations are present in half of patients with Down’s syndrome: atrioventricular septal defects in 60% (consisting of an inlet ventricular septal defect, an ostium primum atrial septal defect and a cleft in the anterior mitral valve leaflet), ventricular septal defects in 20%, atrial septal defects in 10% and tetralogy of Fallot in 7%.
Persistent left superior vena cava
Published in Jana Popelová, Erwin Oechslin, Harald Kaemmerer, Martin G St John Sutton, Pavel Žáček, Congenital Heart Disease in Adults, 2008
Jana Popelová, Erwin Oechslin, Harald Kaemmerer, Martin G St John Sutton, Pavel Žáček
Contrast echocardiography will reveal contrast medium regurgitating from the right atrium into the coronary sinus, but not contrast coming from inside the coronary sinus. A dilated coronary sinus may also be secondary to anomalous pulmonary venous connection (see Figure 20.14). However, in this case, the coronary sinus will not fill by agitated saline or the contrast medium administered intravenously into the left upper limb (see Figure 20.15). On cursory examination, a significantly dilated coronary sinus may be mistaken for ostium primum atrial septal defect (Figure 19.14).
Management for atrial arrhythmias in adults with complex congenital heart disease
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2023
Victor Waldmann, Christophe Vô, Stefano Bartoletti, Francis Bessière, Marie Wilkin, Nabil Dib, Nicolas Combes, Paul Khairy
In patients with an atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), IART dependent on the right-sided cavo-annular isthmus is the most common arrhythmia. Other described circuits have predominantly been limited to case reports. Prior to ablating the right-sided cavo-annular isthmus, the His bundle potential associated with the posteroinferior displaced AV node (resulting from the ostium primum atrial septal defect) must be carefully identified. The cavo-annular ablation line should be performed more laterally in patients with AVSD in order to minimize the risks of AV block. Since patients with AVSD can also have a single AV valve, biatrial IART circuits around the common AV valve have been described [27,28]. In such cases, the arrhythmia can usually be terminated by a single ablation line between the inferior vena cava and the annulus. It is also common for patients with AVSD to undergo surgical reintervention of the left AV valve, which is associated with additional atrial incisions and sutures that predispose to arrhythmias. The terms right and left AV valves are preferred since the valves are derived from five leaflets and are not true mitral or tricuspid valves. The left AV valve is often surgically accessed using a transeptal approach, which results in septal scarring. In fact, post-surgical repair of the left AV valve, different biatrial circuits have been described depending on conduction pathways across the atrial septum (typically posteroinferior septum, fossa ovalis, Bachmann’s bundle, or ostium of the coronary sinus) [29].