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A ‘Biomaterial Cookbook’: Biochemically Patterned Substrate to Promote and Control Vascularisation in Vitro and in Vivo
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Katie M. Kilgour, Brendan L. Turner, Augustus Adams, Stefano Menegatti, Michael A. Daniele
Angiogenesis is the prime method for promoting vascularisation in most ETCs because it harnesses the instructive properties of the existing vascular network. Angiogenesis mainly occurs during tissue development, healing, or inflammation, and can be categorised into sprouting and intussusceptive angiogenesis (van Hinsbergh, 2016). Sprouting angiogenesis is a process where new blood vessels grow from pre-existing ones, whereas intussusceptive angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessels forming by splitting existing vessel into two vessels (van Hinsbergh, 2016), while sprouting angiogenesis is well understood, intussusceptive angiogenesis occurs in the vessel lumen, making it difficult to study.
Gene Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases
Published in Yashwant Pathak, Gene Delivery, 2022
Dhwani Thakkar, Vandit Shah, Jigna Shah
The risks associated with therapeutic angiogenesis include hemangioma, stimulation of angiogenesis in the tumor, development of non-functional leaky blood vessels, and excessive new blood vessel formation in atherosclerotic lesions that can lead to plaque rupture and intraplaque hemorrhage. These obstacles can be overcome by increasing the tissue specificity of gene constructs and promoting them, because it can specifically control gene expression. In addition to gene therapy, local genes can also be delivered to the heart through various techniques as described above to reduce the risk to other organs. A possible way to stimulate angiogenesis is physical exercise, through electrical stimulation or through pharmacological agents.15,16
An Overview of Molecular Nutrition
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Vincent W. Li, Catherine Ward, Delaney K. Schurr
Phytochemicals (or phytonutrients) are substances found in foods (generally in fruits, vegetables, grain, beans, and other plants) that have beneficial health effects beyond conventional nutrition. They are different from vitamins and minerals in that they are not necessary for the body to function. Thus, there are no recommended daily amounts for phytochemicals. Figure 3.5 shows different types of phytochemicals and their classification. Although phytochemicals are most well known for their antioxidant capabilities, a wide range of scientific benefits are being discovered as further research is conducted into this exciting new field of molecular nutrition. For example, studies have shown that a number of phytonutrients suppress tumor angiogenesis (Li, 2012b). Some phytonutrients can also interact with DNA to protect DNA from harm. Others increase the activity of DNA repair mechanisms to fix errors occurring in DNA replication. And others upregulate genes that can suppress cancer development. Furthermore, studies have investigated the effects of phytonutrients on the microbiome and found that they can increase beneficial bacteria and overall health of the gut.
Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF -ENDORET®) to rescue necrotized orbital dermis-fat grafts
Published in Orbit, 2022
Ricardo Machado Soares, Sandra Prazeres Lopes
Standard management for GU may include watchful waiting or more intervention measures such as excision of the ulcer (necrotic tissue debridement) and primary closure of the dermis, buccal mucosal membrane grafting, chondro-mucosal grafting or amniotic membrane transplantation can also be applied.6,7 However, most of these treatments do not seem to target the main pathophysiology of GU, namely an insufficient blood supply. Therefore, therapies targeting angiogenesis and tissue growth have recently gained traction. Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) is a platelet-rich plasma (PRP) derivative obtained from the patient’s blood, which, after activation with calcium chloride, allows in-situ formation of a biodegradable fibrin scaffold and the release of a pool of biologically active proteins. These promote a range of biological processes including cell recruitment, growth, and differentiation. Most recently, it has been widely used in regenerative medicine because of its high concentration of growth factors, as well as its angiogenic properties.10,11
Staphylococcus-induced proliferative glomerulonephritis and cerebral hemorrhage – fatal complications in a young female with postpartum cardiomyopathy and an implanted left ventricular assist device: a case report and review of the literature
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2022
Carmen Elena Opris, Horatiu Suciu, Laura Banias, Cosmin Marian Banceu, Cosmin Opris, Marius Harpa, Mihaela Ispas, Simona Gurzu
Measuring the LVAD pulsatility index (PI) and the aortic valve opening (assessed by echocardiography), Wever-Pizon et al. suggested that low pulsatility had an important role in bleeding [20]. The bleeding risk is also correlated with the angiogenesis rate, which can be stimulated by shear stress and increased intraluminal pressure [23]. A study conducted by Yoshioka reported an increased incidence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) involving 35 out of the 36 examined patients [24]. CMBs are defined as parenchymatous hematomas which are less than 10 mm in diameter and can appear in patients with increased fragility of their small vessels [24]. Diapedesis hemorrhage and brain edema were also found in our patient, likely resulting from bacteria-induced capillary fragility [24–29]. Inflammatory damage to endothelial cells induces a loss of nitrogen oxide (NO) endothelial synthase and increases the risk of a hemorrhagic stroke 20 times [23–27]. In our patient, bacteremia with MRSA was present, but MBP values of 70–80 mmHg and therapeutic INR values were consistently recorded.
Inhibition of neovascularisation in human endothelial cells using anti NRP-1 nanobody fused to truncated form of diphtheria toxin as a novel immunotoxin
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2021
Shamsi Naderi, Reyhaneh Roshan, Mahdi Behdani, Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht
Angiogenesis is a critical process in the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. Anti-angiogenesis therapy is a possible strategy for the inhibition of tumor growth and development. The therapeutic efficacy of anti-angiogenesis drugs is limited due to the resistance of tumor cells to such drugs. Various approaches including targeted therapy, have been applied to overcome this hallmark feature [1]. Targeted toxin therapies have been considered to be effective toward tumor cells, reducing the adverse effect on normal tissues and therefore improving the patient’s chances for survival. Immunotoxins (ITs) are typically molecules comprising an immune system antibody conjugated to a toxic molecule [2]. However, in immunotoxins, a targeting ligand can be derived from antibody or growth factors. After binding of the ligand to a target cell antigen, the immunotoxin internalizes into the cell, enables the toxin to transport to the cytoplasm and kill the cells.