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Transforming Growth Factor-α and Epidermal Growth Factor
Published in Jason Kelley, Cytokines of the Lung, 2022
Characterization of the EGF family of growth factors and their receptor has generated a great deal of interest in the role they may play in lung development. When considering these growth factors as potential morphogens, it is important to emphasize three features. First, these growth factors are capable not only of inducing cell proliferation, but also of modulating cell differentiation, migration, and metabolism. Second, their transmembrane precursor species can potentially function in cell-cell interactions as adhesion molecules to which cells expressing the EGF receptor can attach. Third, since EGF and TGF-α are biologically active as transmembrane molecules, they can exert a very localized paracrine influence that is limited to contiguous cells. However, if the membrane-associated precursor is proteolytically processed to the mature molecule, then the growth factor is diffusible and capable of influencing more remote cells.
Management of diabetic foot
Published in Maneesh Bhatia, Essentials of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 2021
Venu Kavarthapu, Raju Ahluwalia
Non-surgical management of diabetic foot ulcer includes cover with dressings to maintain the right degree of moisture on the wound bed, control exudate and avoid maceration of the surrounding skin. Little evidence is available from published literature to advocate one dressing or wound healing method over another (11). The benefit of sucrose-octasulfate dressing for the management of neuroischaemic ulceration with vascular indices that are above the threshold denoting critical limb ischaemia has been demonstrated in a multicentre randomised study (12). The use of Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has remained controversial but is offered as an adjuvant in some centres. There is evolving evidence for other adjuvant wound healing techniques such as LeucoPatch (13) and nitric-oxide systems (14). However, the cost-effectiveness of all three remains to be ascertained. Stem cell therapy holds promise in no-option ischaemia, but its clinical effectiveness remains unproven outside a few pioneering centres. Various growth factors are used to stimulate wound healing, but there is limited evidence to support their use in routine clinical practice. Indeed, the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) is yet to endorse any of these methods in their wound healing guidance (15).
Cosmetic-Medical Treatments
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
M. Lourdes Mourelle, B. N. Díaz
There are few studies on the use of growth factors, although some describe their effects on healing, which seems to be a promising area of research. In a multicenter prospective cohort study of 1172 patients undergoing radiotherapy for variable malignancies [61], an epidermal growth factor (EGF)–based cream was used to investigate the safety and effectiveness in the prevention of radiation dermatitis in patients with cancer. The cream contains 0.005% recombinant human EGF, with the presence of additional ingredients, such as ceramide, hyaluronic acid, Inca omega oil (Plukenetia volubilis seed oil), Portulaca oleracea extract, mango butter, and meadowfoam oil. The results suggest that a recombinant human EGF-based cream could be safely applied to prevent or alleviate radiation dermatitis. It may also be of interest to use copper peptides for improving wound contraction and epithelization [62].
Comparıson of the effect of the autogenıc and xenogenıc use of platelet-rıch plasma on rabbıt chondrocutaneous composıte graft survıval
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2023
Hande Akdeniz, Koray Gursoy, Gokay Baykara, Adile Dikmen, Hilal Ozakinci, Ugur Kocer
The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) obtained from human blood has gained the attention of many reconstructive surgeons. It is now known that platelets obtained by separating the plasma of autologous blood, which has a higher platelet concentration, contain a high amount of growth factor. These growth factors serve as basic building blocks, especially in wound healing, tissue regeneration and neovascularization stages. PRP has been used to accelerate the healing of many wounds and increase the viability of many tissues by increasing growth factors in the environment, and it has been shown to be beneficial in many clinical and experimental studies [1,2]. In addition to its use in clinically problematic wound healing such as diabetic foot and chronic wounds such as venous ulcers, PRP also has a wide area of application, including cosmetics, orthopedics and periodontics, as well as many other health problems [3].
A New Procedure in Bone Engineering Using Induced Adipose Tissue
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Randa Alfotawi, Mona Elsafadi, Manikandan Muthurangan, Abdul-Aziz Siyal, Musaad Alfayez, Amer A. Mahmmod
A previous study found that BMPs induce brown adipose tissue formation when infused in small quantities into fat tissue, so their role in the regulation of energy metabolism has been investigated.23 Another study found that the clinical application of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) causes the concomitant occurrence of new bone and adipose tissue formation when implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats.24 Taha et al.25 concluded that “several BMPs are known to induce adipogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner; low concentrations promote adipogenesis while high concentrations are anti-adipogenic and, instead, promote osteo-chondrogenesis.”25,26 However, the differentiation of adipocytes into chondrocytes depends upon the presence of many factors, such as BMPs, growth factors, and complex interactions among them. Furthermore, the concentration and duration of growth factor exposure are crucial.27 A high dose of BMP2 induces adipocyte-derived stem cells to an osteoblastic lineage, and further induction has been confirmed in three-dimensional in vitro environments using scaffolds to maintain the sustained release of the protein.14
A review of the treatment of male pattern hair loss
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2020
Katherine York, Nekma Meah, Bevin Bhoyrul, Rodney Sinclair
Growth factors are signaling molecules secreted by certain cells that stimulate cell proliferation. [65–67] Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous concentrate of human platelets contained in a small volume of plasma, generated, from centrifugation of patients own venous blood and administered by intradermal injections to the areas of hair loss [66,67]. PRP contains a number of key growth factors secreted by platelets, notably platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factors (TGF) TGFβ-1 and TGFβ-2, VEGF, basic fibroblastic growth factor, endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factors [66–68]. These cytokines are involved in cell proliferation. In this enriched environment, hair growth is stimulated via the upregulation of fibroblastic growth factor β-catenin expression, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), protein kinase B (PKB) signaling[69]. Interestingly a recent double blind controlled study did not find an association between platelet counts, certain growth factor levels (PDGF, EGF, VEGF) and clinical improvement in response to PRP, indicating other growth factors or mechanisms may be involved in responses seen[70]. PRP also promotes vascularization[71] and prolongs anagen[69]. A recent meta-analysis of 177 patients from six studies reported increased hair density and hair shaft diameter following PRP injections[67]. The main limitation in interpreting PRP efficacy data is the lack of comparability between studies. However, in spite of this PRP is generally considered a safe option in AGA refractory to medical therapy.