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Marine Algal Secondary Metabolites Are a Potential Pharmaceutical Resource for Human Society Developments
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Somasundaram Ambiga, Raja Suja Pandian, Lazarus Vijune Lawrence, Arjun Pandian, Ramu Arun Kumar, Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed Abdul
Cell proliferation is the process in which the number of cells increases due to cell division and cell growth, which often occurs in tumors or cancers. Evidence suggests that algae may act as an antiproliferative by inducing maturation of dendritic cells, combining with other cytokines, and modulating the human immune system (Lowenthal and Fitton, 2015). Macrophages are activated by membrane receptors specifically TLR4, CD14, CR3 and SR, leading to the production of cytokines such as IL-12 and IFN, which enhance the activation of NK cells, which in turn stimulates the activation of T cells (Kellogg et al., 2015). In addition, secondary metabolites of algae, such as root bark tannins, flavonoids, catechins, carotenoids, quercetin, and myricetin, have been shown to have relative anticancer activity. Epidemiological studies also show that, compared to other parts of the world, eating seaweed can reduce the incidence of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and endometrial cancer in the Japanese population (Murata and Nakazoe, 2001).
The Scientific Basis of Medicine
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Chris O'Callaghan, Rachel Allen
Cancers result from an accumulation of genetic abnormalities within somatic cells. The majority of these defects arise spontaneously (often as a result of exposure to mutagens) as somatic mutations that are not in the germline, although some can be inherited (e.g. mutations in the cancer-causing BRCA genes). An inherited predisposition to cancer is often characterized by disease onset at an early age and increased disease incidence in other family members. Cell proliferation is central to tumour formation, as cancers arise from a single cell. Thus, mutations in genes that promote or inhibit cell proliferation, control apoptosis or regulate DNA repair (often known as oncogenes) can have profound effects.
Anti-Proliferative Properties of Various South African Buddleja Species
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
The mechanism involved in wound healing includes inflammatory mediators and growth factors, cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions that control cell proliferation, migration and differentiation, events involved in epithelialization and angiogenesis, wound contraction and remodeling. These processes are initiated from the time of injury and proceed throughout the repair process (Velnar et al., 2009). There are various anti-inflammatory compounds present in the Buddleja genus; these include the iridoid, aucubin and flavonoids present in the leaves of Buddleja species (Liao et al., 1999).
Synthesis and biological evaluation of halogenated phenoxychalcones and their corresponding pyrazolines as cytotoxic agents in human breast cancer
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Peter A. Halim, Rasha A. Hassan, Khaled O. Mohamed, Soha O. Hassanin, Mona G. Khalil, Amr M. Abdou, Eman O. Osman
Anticancer agents exert their cytotoxic action by terminating cellular proliferation at definite checkpoints found at different stages of the cell cycle. Suppression of these phases results in the termination of the cell proliferation. Cell cycle analysis employs flow cytometry to differentiate between cells within different phases of the cell cycle. In this work, the effect of the most active compound 2c on cell cycle progression was studied to explore the definite phase at which cell cycle arrest takes place in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. MCF-7 cells were treated with compound 2c at its IC50 concentration (1.52 μM) and its effect on the cell population in different cell phases was recorded and displayed in Figure 5. Exposure of MCF-7 cells to compound 2c resulted in significant decline in the cell population at the G0/G1 and S phases with 54.73% (from 55.05% to 24.92%) and 14.5% (from 34.18% to 29.22%), respectively. Moreover, marked augmentation was observed in the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase by 4.25-fold, and in the pre-G1 phase by 16.24-fold, in comparison to the control (DMSO). This clearly indicates that the target chalcone derivative 2c arrested the cell cycle proliferation of MCF-7 cells in the G2/M phase.
Low-intensity ultrasound promotes uterine involution after cesarean section: the first multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2022
Yi Qin, Xiaobo Zhao, Xiaojing Dong, Juntao Liu, Longqiong Wang, Xiaohua Wu, Bin Peng, Chengzhi Li
Women suffer different types of pain and discomfort after delivery, including incision pain after cesarean section and uterine involution pain [41]. Acute and chronic pain caused by severe tissue trauma after delivery may increase the risk of postpartum depression and affect women to return to normal activities and care for their babies [42]. The incidence of chronic pain ranges from 1% to 18% [43], many scholars are paying more attention to the postpartum pain of parturients [44,45]. Ultrasound therapy can downregulate inflammatory mediators to promote extracellular matrix production [46], and LIUS shows significant effects on cell proliferation and collagen deposition [47]. Xin et al. reported that soft tissue regeneration can be accelerated by promoting cell proliferation in the disease [48]. Jia et al. also confirmed that ultrasound in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) has been proved to be a safe and effective treatment, which can relieve the pain of patients with KOA [49]. The effect of reducing pain is remarkable when treating soft tissue injuries by ultrasound therapy. In this study, the VAS score of the LIUS group shows a sharper decline than that of the control group, with a significant difference (p < 0.0001). We believe that ultrasound has the same ability to provide postpartum analgesia for the smooth muscle of the uterus, as a type of soft tissue.
Chemopreventive and Anti-tumor Potential of Natural Products in Oral Cancer
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Andrés Cardona-Mendoza, Geovanny Olivares-Niño, David Díaz-Báez, Gloria Inés Lafaurie, Sandra J. Perdomo
Proliferation is the ordered set of events that result in the rapid expansion of a cell population to create genetically identical daughter cells. This process is orchestrated via cell cycle progression through the G0/G1, G1/S, and G2/M phases and the action of multiple signals ranging from growth factors, cytokines, and hormones that influence cell decision to replicate its DNA (53,54). In healthy cells, this process is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase proteins complexed with cyclins, with E2F family transcription factors being most important in the G1/S transition, where they act either as repressors or as activators of the transcription for entry into cell division (55). Excessive cell proliferation is a feature of most tumors. The accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes induces inappropriate synthesis of ligands and/or receptors that can hyperactivate these pathways, leading to activation of the cell cycle machinery (56). Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death essential for morphogenesis, growth, tissue homeostasis, and defense against auto-reactive, infected or pre-cancer cells (57). Cancer cells have developed effective anti-apoptotic mechanisms and resistance to chemotherapies and radiotherapies (58). Indeed, several natural products that have been investigated as potential OC treatments have been shown to possess anticancer activity by acting on multiple signaling pathways and cellular targets and preventing, suppressing, and eliminating tumor cells through cell cycle arrest and activation of apoptosis (Figure 1, Table 2).