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Molecular adaptations to endurance exercise and skeletal muscle fibre plasticity
Published in Adam P. Sharples, James P. Morton, Henning Wackerhage, Molecular Exercise Physiology, 2022
The function of the cardiovascular system is to deliver O2 and nutrients to muscles and other organs, to remove CO2 and other waste products from the tissues, and regulate core temperature and pH. The performance of the system depends on cardiac output, which is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, and the O2 carrying capacity of the blood (red blood cell mass). Since maximal cardiac output (13), and increasing the oxygen carrying capacity (14) correlates with increased V̇O2max, it is widely assumed that oxygen delivery to the working muscle is the primary determinant of V̇O2max. Endurance exercise training increases the volume and the oxygen carrying capacity (red blood cell mass) of the blood (15) and at sea level this plays a small role in increasing V̇O2max; however, this chapter will focus on the adaptations that occur to the heart and skeletal muscle as a result of training.
Naturopathic Medicine and the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Detoxification is a systematic lifestyle practice to enhance optimal functioning of body physiology. It is absolutely necessary to detoxify on a daily basis considering the overabundance of environmental toxins, and our increasing levels of exposure. Toxins are natural and foreign substances found in the environment, and are normal byproducts of cell metabolism. Below we present a general overview of detoxification therapies, and how they can be utilized every day to minimize toxin exposure and accumulation. While the emphasis is on supporting overall health, additional benefits for the cardiovascular system are discussed as well.
Lifestyle and Diet
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
For the cardiovascular system, physical activity can reduce resting blood pressure and increase capacity to carry blood in the coronary arteries. Regular physical activity can also exert beneficial effects on the body’s capacity to form and break down blood clots, and it produces favorable changes in plasma lipid profile (68). Men maintaining an active lifestyle halve their risk of dying from, or contracting, serious heart diseases such as heart attack, angina pectoris. For women, the reduction in risk is between 30–40% (65). A moderate-intensity aerobic activity for 150 minutes a week (25–30 min a day) can lower the risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including hypertension and hypercholesterolemia for normal people (67). For people with cardiac issues, normal walking or slight aerobic activity done regularly may help the heart work better. It also may reduce the risk of a second heart attack in people who have already had heart attacks. Physical activity reduces the risk of CVD in a dose-dependent manner. Benefits are seen with regular moderate-intensity physical activity like walking; however, more intense exercise, like running for long periods, can increase risk of CVD further (68). Vigorous aerobic activity may not be safe for people who have CVD. Ask your doctor what types of physical activity are safe for you, especially if you have cardiac issues.
Can statins reduce mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients? A retrospective cohort study
Published in Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2023
Heba A. Labib, Rania M. Ali, Ayman I. Tharwat
Several drugs have been recommended for COVID-19 cases. The main goals of using these medications were to lessen the disease severity and enhance the patients’ outcomes [4]. Statins are among the drugs proposed to carry great benefits for COVID-19 cases [5]. Statins are the first-line therapy for dyslipidemia. They are low-cost, well-tolerated drugs with uncommon side effects [6,7]. Statins inhibit the hydroxy methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate in the cholesterol production pathway [8]. As a result, the cholesterol level decreases, and the cardiovascular system becomes protected from heart attacks and strokes. In addition, statins have antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties [9]. Hence, statins may help to improve the clinical consequence of COVID-19 [10,11]. However, a few studies noted neither a good nor a negative influence of statin on COVID-19-associated mortality [12,13].
Targeting VCAM-1: a therapeutic opportunity for vascular damage
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2023
Mayarling F Troncoso, Magda C Díaz-Vesga, Fernanda Sanhueza-Olivares, Jaime A Riquelme, Marioly Müller, Luis Garrido, Luigi Gabrielli, Mario Chiong, Ramon Corbalan, Pablo F Castro, Sergio Lavandero
The cardiovascular system includes the heart and blood vessels that pump and deliver blood throughout the body. Blood vessels are structured in three layers: the tunica intima, media, and adventitia. The tunica intima, or inner layer, comprises endothelial cells (EC) in contact with the blood. The tunica media or medial layer is formed mainly by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and the extracellular matrix, such as collagen and elastin, that regulates vascular tone and the integrity of vessels. In capillaries, the medial layer does not contain VSMC, but pericytes form a thin wall that facilitates the transport of blood components [3]. The adventitia layer, or outer layer, comprises fibroblasts, nerves, and small arteries (Vasa vasorum) that deliver nutrients to this layer [4].
Additional diagnoses in children with cleft lip and palate up to five years of age
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2023
Ellen Aspelin, Måns Cornefjord, Kristina Klintö, Magnus Becker
In this study, the cumulative five-year incidence of additional diagnoses among children with CL/P was investigated. We also investigated potential relationship between the type of additional diagnosis and the type of cleft. The study also functioned as validation of data on additional diagnoses in the CLP registry. When reviewing the medical records of the participants, the highest number of additional diagnoses were identified within the categories cardiovascular system, and extremities and skeletal system. Out of 137 additional diagnose,s a total of 69 additional diagnoses were established in direct connection with birth, and 68 additional diagnoses were received after birth and before the age of five. Sixty-seven of the 90 participants with an additional diagnosis had a single additional diagnosis.