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Heart Disease
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease, comprises a range of conditions such as heart attack, heart failure, coronary or valvular heart disease, arrythmias, cardiomyopathies, and congenital heart defects. Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the U.S. The most common cause of heart disease is coronary artery disease, which is narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries. Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease also comprises the most common cause of cardiovascular disability. Specific treatment is contingent on the type of heart disease diagnosed.
Coronary Artery Disease
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Acute myocardial infarction is caused by narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries with atherosclerotic plaque. Factors that lead to this include high LDL, and excessive saturated fat and trans fats in the diet. Modifiable risk factors represent over 90% of the risks for acute MI. Risk factors include diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, hypertension, high cholesterol, high triglycerides, increased age, and family history of heart disease. Additional risk factors include high stress levels, lack of physical exercise, use of amphetamines or cocaine, and a history of preeclampsia.
Animal healers
Published in Clive R. Hollin, An Introduction to Human–Animal Relationships, 2021
Heart disease has three phases: (i) the presence of risk factors; (ii) the onset of the illness that requires medical intervention; (iii) the aftermath. Animals may play a positive role at all three phases. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) can occur when fatty deposits accumulate and cause narrowing of the coronary arteries: alongside hypertension, CVD is the most common cause of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or heart attack. Some of the risk factors for heart disease can be brought under control by lifestyle changes such as diet and physical exercise. As discussed in Chapter 2 and as evident in the large-scale surveys from Europe (Maugeri et al., 2019) and the USA (Krittanawong et al., 2020) dog ownership can have benefits for physical and psychological health by reducing stress and encouraging exercise.
Determinants of self-rated health among elderly patients with hypertension: a cross-sectional analysis based on the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2023
Yang Zhou, Yanjing Huang, Aohua Zhang, Guige Yin, Hongjuan Hu
Hypertension with other comorbidity was another factor affecting the SRH of elderly hypertensive patients in the current study. Elderly patients who had hypertension complicated with diabetes, heart disease, stroke, or hyperlipidemia, had poorer health status. It could be assumed that comorbidities with hypertension increased the incidence and recurrence rates of cardiovascular disease (55,56). Hypertension and diabetes are risk factors for stroke (57). Studies have shown that new strokes and recurrent strokes were significantly increased in patients with hypertension and diabetes (58). The recurrence rate of stroke was significantly increased (59) and hospital admissions more than doubled in patients with hypertension and stroke (60). High blood pressure and heart disease can eventually lead to heart failure. Wang et al (60) investigated 11 695 study participants and found that compared with patients with only hypertension or only hyperlipidemia, patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia had a higher risk of ischemic stroke. The results showed that 3% of the overall risk of ischemic stroke was due to the synergy between hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the management of comorbidities in hypertensive patients, prevent and control risk factors for cardiovascular disease, promote physical and mental health, improve the quality of life, and reduce their medical burden.
Combined association of dietary fibre and cognitive function with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in older adults
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Huan Rui Zhang, Wen Tian, Guoxian Qi, Yu Jiao Sun
The sociodemographic information (age, sex, ethnicity, marital status, education, the ratio of income to poverty, smoking status) and medical-related information (Body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, high cholesterol, cardiovascular and cancer) were obtained through face-to-face interviews and laboratory tests. Ethnicity was categorized into non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, other Hispanic, and other race. Marital status was defined as married/with a partner, unmarried and other. Education was categorized into less than 11th grade and high-school grade and above. The ratio of income to poverty was categorized as below poverty (<1.30) and above poverty (≥1.30). Smoking status was defined as non-smoker and smoker. BMI was calculated as weight (Kg) divided by the square of height (m2). Hypertension was defined as self-reported hypertension, systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or/and diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or reported use of anti-hypertensive medications. Diabetes mellitus was defined as self-reported diabetes, haemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%, fasting plasma glucose level ≥126mg/dl, or reported use of oral glucose-lowering medication or insulin. High cholesterol was defined as total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dl or reported use of the lipid-lowering drug. Cardiovascular disease was defined as a self-reported diagnosis of heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina, heart attack or stroke. Cancer was defined as a self-reported diagnosis of cancer.
Exploring direct and indirect predictors of heart disease information seeking
Published in Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 2023
S.R. Hovick, N. Rhodes, E. Bigsby, S. Thomas, N. Freiberger
Behaviors that may decrease heart disease risk include avoiding smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in physical activity and disease screening [5]. However, knowledge of heart disease risks and risk factors is still fairly low [6, 7]. Knowledge and awareness of cardiovascular risk factors, in particular, may be associated with preventive actions [8]. Still, only a few studies to date have examined predictors of heart disease information seeking, focusing on individual [9–13] and cognitive [14,15] factors. Understanding the factors that drive seeking decisions could help health communicators develop more effective ways to promote heart health information acquisition, as campaigns may have modest effects on information behavior. In the case of the Heart Truth Campaign, although 61% of women said they recognized the red dress as a symbol for heart disease, only 25% reported searching for more information about heart disease after hearing or seeing information about it [16].