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General Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
A venous leg ulcer is a dermal wound on the leg or ankle caused by abnormally functioning veins. Major risk factors include varicosities, venous reflux, venous clotting, and obesity; hereditary factors may also play a role. Thermographically, venous ulcers generally appear 0.5°C to 1°C (0.9°F to 1.8°F) cooler than the surrounding dermis, probably due to the evaporative cooling of the wet surface, lack of dermal arterioles in the ulcer bed, and inflammation of the periwound skin.195
Principles of wound care
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
A leg ulcer is defined as a break in the skin below the knee, which has not healed within 2 weeks (NICE 2020a). It is estimated there are at least 730,000 individuals with leg ulcers in the UK, equating to 1.5% of the adult population (Guest et al. 2015). A venous leg ulcer occurs in the presence of venous disease and is the most common type of leg ulcer (NICE 2020a). Venous leg ulcers typically occur in the gaiter area of the leg (from the ankle to mid-calf). The estimated prevalence of venous leg ulcers in the UK is between 0.1% and 0.3%, and this increases with age with a 12-month recurrence rate of between 26% and 69% (NICE 2020a).
Venous disorders
Published in Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie
The very best results are seen in specialist multidisciplinary ulcer services. The cause of a venous leg ulcer is venous hypertension and the key-stone of management is to decrease this hypertension. The primary way of doing this is with the use of compression. Most patients are suitable for the classic ‘four-layer bandaging system’ (4LB):
Platelet-rich fibrin and concentrated growth factors as novel platelet concentrates for chronic hard-to-heal skin ulcers: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Jianguo Chen, Yingying Wan, Yan Lin, Haiyue Jiang
This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis comparing PRF or CGFs dressings to standard wound care for the management of chronic hard-to-heal skin ulcers. These refractory ulcers are mostly represented by venous leg ulcer and diabetic foot ulcers, which will affect patients’ quality of life, increase readmission and medical expenses, and even cause severe complications such as recurrence, infection and amputation (35–37). Conventional topical therapies such as frequent dressings, debridement, skin grafting and surgery seem to be little satisfactory to resolve pathological factors of insufficient blood supply and unfavorable healing microenvironment. The urgent need for effective topical biomaterials that may promote angiogenesis and regulate inflammatory process has been repeatedly emphasized. In the last ten years, the autologous platelet concentrates have developed as revolutionary biomaterials in regenerative and reconstructive medicine. These platelet gels play significant roles in providing topical barriers for ulcers, delivering high concentration of multiple growth factors for cellular activities, regulating local inflammatory and immune responses, and ultimately promoting complete epithelialization (20–24).
Leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) as a regenerative medicine strategy for the treatment of refractory leg ulcers: a prospective cohort study
Published in Platelets, 2018
Nelson R. Pinto, Matias Ubilla, Yelka Zamora, Verónica Del Rio, David M. Dohan Ehrenfest, Marc Quirynen
The term “skin ulcers” refers to a heterogeneous group of wounds including venous leg ulcer (VLU) [1], diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) [2,3], pressure ulcer (PU) [4–10], and arterial and neurotrophic ulcers. Such wounds, especially if recalcitrant despite appropriate wound care, have a dramatic impact on patients’ quality of life, productivity, and life expectancy. They are associated with high treatment costs and are a significant cause of morbidity. Nonhealing ulcers are affecting, for example, more than 6000 000 persons in the USA (a number that might even further increase as the population ages), and represent a substantial financial burden on the health care systems, the families affected by these wounds, and the human societies in general [11,12].