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What Do the Heart Arteries Do When They Are Damaged? The Infinite Insults and Finite Responses in CHD
Published in Mark C Houston, The Truth About Heart Disease, 2023
At one time, it was thought that CHD and MI were caused only by excess cholesterol, fats, and other types of cells that blocked the coronary arteries. This blockage inside the artery, called a “plaque”, eventually got large enough to stop the blood flow and cause an MI. However, it is now known that vascular inflammation plays a very important and primary role in causing CHD and MI from the beginning. Inflammation is the body's natural response to prevent infection and repair damage and heal the injured tissue. The classic signs of inflammation are redness, pain, heat, and swelling. For example, if you cut your hand, bacteria enter the body and are recognized as abnormal foreign invaders to which the body produces a defense by sending WBCs, immune cells, and red cells to the damaged area. Various chemicals are produced by these cells that kill the bacteria, the inflammation resolves, and the cut hand will heal. This is normal, short-lived, helpful, and required to resolve this acute problem and prevent long-term inflammation.
Aortic Aneurysm
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
An aortic aneurysm is an abnormal bulging or “ballooning” of a weakened area in the wall of the body’s largest artery. Aneurysms in the abdominal portion of the aorta are more common than in the thoracic area. Typically, there are no symptoms unless the aneurysm grows large (i.e., over 5 cm in diameter). Then it can cause pain or rupture resulting in dangerous bleeding and death. Smoking, genetics, injury, and high blood pressure are risk factors for developing an aortic aneurysm.
The Pulmonary and Bronchial Vessels, Pulmonary Vascular Abnormalities including Embolism, Pulmonary and Bronchial Angiography, and A/V Malformations.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
Elliott and Reid (1965) studied the branching of the pulmonary artery using a barium-gelatine suspension and cutting serial sections and noted: A great disparity between the branching patterns of the pulmonary artery and the bronchial tree due to the presence of numerous supernumerary arterial branches, most of which are muscular.If the whole branching pattern of the artery is considered it is clear that the pulmonary artery is dominantly a 'muscular organ'.Muscular arteries also arise directly from the elastic part of the axial artery and be interspersed among the elastic arteries.The diameter of succeeding sidebranches does not decrease in a regular fashion; one branch may be much larger or smaller than its predecessor.It is the diameter of an artery which determines its structure rather than its proximity to the hilum.
Modelling and simulation of fluid flow through stenosis and aneurysm blood vessel: a computational hemodynamic analysis
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
J. V. Ramana Reddy, Hojin Ha, S. Sundar
Blood vessels play an important role in the circulatory system; These are in the form of tubes that carry blood between the heart and all parts of the body. The blood vessel size varies enormously; in the case of arteries, it varies from 1 mm to 8 µm while 1 mm to 20 µm for veins. An artery carries oxidized blood away from the heart, whereas a vein is the blood vessel that collects and transports blood toward the heart. The general appearance of the arteries is rounded lumen, while veins are irregular and often collapse. As compared to arteries, veins are thin-walled vessels with a large and irregular lumen. The diseases of arteries, veins, and lymph vessels alert to blood flow disorders that affect circulation, thus resulting in disturbance in organ function. An aneurysm is a pathological condition. It weakens the blood vessel wall due to the bulging area in that area, resulting in an abnormal widening or ballooning more significant than 50% of the standard diameter. The arteries are mostly exposed to an aneurysm rather than a vein among the several blood vessels.
Recurrent delayed-onset cerebral vasospasm following ruptured ICA aneurysm: case report
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Amer A. Jaradat, Abdelwahab J. Aleshawi, Mohammed M. Al Barbarawi, Majd F. Alhamdan
Very few cases of a late-onset CV after the day 21 post-SAH have been reported in the English literature, with the report of Kondziolka et al. is being the most delayed at 52 weeks after SAH.3 CV occurs usually on day 3 after SAH, peaks at days 6 and 8, and lasts for 2–3 weeks.4 Radiological vasospasm is arterial narrowing seen on vascular imaging.1 Symptomatic vasospasm is narrowing causing cerebral ischemia with corresponding symptoms and signs and is sometimes referred to as delayed ischemic neurological deficit (DID).1 Progression to cerebral ischemia depends largely on the degree and distribution of arterial narrowing.1,2 Symptoms and signs are either localized within the distribution of the affected artery, or non-localized as alteration of the level of consciousness, new or increasing headache, or meningismus.1,2 Our patient manifested two episodes of CV, the first one at the day 21 post-SAH and second one at day 30. Both episodes were associated with decrease LOS, focal neurological deficits and angiographic vasospasm.
Developing and evaluating a prototype public health mobile app on the UK NHS Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Programme
Published in Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, 2022
Ella Jones, Matthieu Poyade, Ourania Varsou
An aneurysm is defined as a dilation of an artery by at least a 50% widening above its normal diameter (Johnston et al., 1991). Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAA) are often asymptomatic (the patient shows no symptoms until diagnosed by a healthcare professional); a meta-analysis identified that 4.8% of the general population has an asymptomatic AAA (Li, Zhao, Zhang, Duan, & Xin, 2013). Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms occur in 1.3–5% of the male population aged 65–74 in the UK (Wanhainen, 2019). Mortality from spontaneous AAA rupture is significant at 85% (Scott, Bridgewater, & Ashton, 2002). Advanced age is a major risk factor with men being six times more likely to have AAA compared to women. Age 65 is the standard for starting screening considering the prevalence of AAA vs. the risk of rupture (Scott, 2002).