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Cancer and exercise
Published in Adam P. Sharples, James P. Morton, Henning Wackerhage, Molecular Exercise Physiology, 2022
Tormod S. Nilsen, Pernille Hojman, Henning Wackerhage
A patient’s cardiorespiratory fitness, measured as VO2max/VO2peak, has been reported to decrease between 5% and 26% during various systemic combinational treatment regimens in different cancer settings (91–93). This may recover shortly after treatment cessation (e.g. if the lower VO2peak is caused by reduced hemoglobin /Hb levels during treatment and the bone marrow is still intact). In other cases, the VO2peak may not recover (91, 94–96). It is well known that aerobic exercise training holds the potential to improve cardiorespiratory fitness. In a 2018 meta-analysis, where 48 individual randomised controlled trials, comparing the change in cardiorespiratory fitness between cancer patients in an exercise group and a control group were included. The analysis showed a difference in mean change in VO2peak of 2.13 mL O2 × kg−1 × min−1 (95% CI, 1.58 to 2.67). Such improvements may be of clinical importance, as impaired cardiorespiratory fitness correlates with higher symptom burden (97) and poorer clinical outcomes (91, 98).
Physical inactivity and health
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
Cardiorespiratory fitness measures how well the body takes oxygen and delivers it to the organs, tissues and muscles of the body during physical activity. It reflects the functional ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems. Sitting is associated with low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, which means a person is at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease, including strokes and heart failure (Carter et al., 2017).
Exercise, Activity in Cancer and Chronic Disease
Published in Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson, Physical Activity and Rehabilitation in Life-threatening Illness, 2021
One of the most common modes of exercise and activity in the chronic disease population is cardiorespiratory, or aerobic, exercise. Aerobic exercise improves cardiorespiratory fitness and endurance. Systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses of exercise or physical activity regimens in patients with cancer and other chronic conditions describe several studies that use aerobic exercise, or combined aerobic-mixed activity interventions,3,4,7,11 (e.g. walking, hydrotherapy, circuit training, self-reported physical activity) including such activities as yoga,12,13 tai chi,14,15 or boxing.16 These studies typically have moderate to vigorous levels of intensity, typically described as a percentage of predicted maximum heart rate or a range in the rate of perceived exertion scale (RPE), though parameters for frequency and/or duration were heterogeneous, ranging in frequency from one to five times per week, from approximately 20 to 60 minutes per session, with durations from a few weeks to over six months. Overall, while there were fewer studies examining lower intensity activities, these exercises and activities still demonstrated improvements in overall functioning over time, particularly if the patient populations were more deconditioned at the start of the exercise regimens or programs.
Aquatic strength training improves postural stability and walking function in stroke patients
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Xudong Gu, Ming Zeng, Yao Cui, Jianming Fu, Yan Li, Yunhai Yao, Fang Shen, Ya Sun, Zhongli Wang, Dingyi Deng
Another strength of our study is the use of a specialized aquatic exercise training device (i.e aquatic quadriceps femoris training machine) in improving hydrotherapy efficacy and reducing the limitation of aquatic exercise. The aquatic quadriceps femoris training machine in this study was employed for lower extremity muscle strength training in conventional aquatic exercise. Designing different exercise methods under a water environment can allow for flexible graded exercises and lead to the improvement of the equilibrium function and walking function of stroke patients. Furthermore, according to feedback data on the treatments, patients undergoing water exercise showed mobility improvement and described a reduced fear of falling down (Devereux, Robertson, and Briffa, 2005; Mentiplay et al., 2015). Hydrotherapy allows stroke patients to receive equilibrium and gait training with greater resistance at an early stage and to further improve the strength of their lower extremity muscles including knee joint strength by using the aquatic quadriceps femoris training machine. This type of therapy can also improve the cardiorespiratory fitness of patients and promote functional activities. Thus, we suspected that aquatic strength training can improve postural balance and lower extremity motor functions in chronic stroke patients by affecting the psychology and physiology of patients, including fear, lower extremity muscle strength, cardiopulmonary function, etc. Of course, this hypothesis needs further verification.
Oxygen uptake efficiency slope in community-dwelling ambulant stroke survivors during walking and stair climbing: a cross-sectional study
Published in Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 2023
Janaine C. Polese, Louise Ada, Raquel de Carvalho Lana, Karina Boson, Iza Faria-Fortini, Luci F. Teixeira-Salmela
After a stroke, residual impairments of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and neuromuscular systems may contribute to poor cardiorespiratory fitness. A previous study reported that stroke survivors demonstrate substantially lower aerobic capacity when compared with age- and sex-matched healthy people.1 Aerobic deconditioning is connected with increased incidence of cardiovascular and recurrent cerebrovascular diseases1,2 and can have an important impact on activities of daily living, such as walking.3 The evidence suggests that stroke rehabilitation should include fitness training4 in order to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength,5 walking,6 and quality of life.7 For this to be successful, it is important to have a robust measurement of cardiorespiratory fitness.
Cultural validation and language translation of the scientific SCI exercise guidelines for use in Indonesia, Japan, Korea, and Thailand
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2022
Yukio Mikami, Damayanti Tinduh, KunHo Lee, Chayaporn Chotiyarnwong, Jan W. van der Scheer, Kyung Su Jung, Hiroshi Shinohara, Inggar Narasinta, Seung Hyun Yoon, Napatpaphan Kanjanapanang, Takafumi Sakai, Martha K. Kusumawardhani, Jinho Park, Pannika Prachgosin, Futoshi Obata, Ditaruni Asrina Utami, Phairin Laohasinnarong, Indrayuni Lukitra Wardhani, Siraprapa Limprasert, Fumihiro Tajima, Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey, Kathleen A. Martin Ginis
Cardiorespiratory fitness refers to the capacity of the respiratory and circulatory systems to transport oxygen from the atmosphere to skeletal muscle mitochondria to perform physical activity.3, 10 In SCI research settings, cardiorespiratory fitness is typically measured as the maximum volume of oxygen consumed from the peak work rate achieved on an arm ergometer.6 Muscular strength refers to the amount of external force that a muscle can exert.3 In SCI research, muscular strength is typically measured as the maximum amount of weight a person can lift with a particular muscle group, or the maximum amount of force that can be exerted by a particular muscle group.6 Cardiometabolic disease refers to a spectrum of health conditions that begin with insulin resistance, progress to metabolic syndrome (characterized by high blood pressure, high fasting blood sugar, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and obesity), pre-diabetes, and finally to more severe conditions including type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.4 Examples of cardiometabolic health and cardiometabolic disease indicators used in SCI research include fasting glucose, glucose tolerance, waist circumference, serum HDL cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting triglycerides.6