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Tube Feedings Formulas and Methods
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
Underlying bowel diseases such as Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis may be present. Bowel ischemia due to mesenteric artery stenosis could be present. In addition, recovery from intestinal obstruction and/or surgery can be a cause of hospital diarrhea. Pancreatitis and the resulting pancreatic insufficiency may be another cause.
Introduction to the clinical stations
Published in Sukhpreet Singh Dubb, Core Surgical Training Interviews, 2020
An embolism is the most common cause, which may be cardiac in origin (e.g. left-sided cardiac thrombus) or from the vasculature (e.g. atherosclerotic plaque). Blockage of the mesenteric vasculature may occur due to atherosclerosis typically at the origin of the superior mesenteric artery. The patient may also have non-occlusive causes such as shock, hypotension or cardiac failure.
Arterial disorders
Published in Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie
Mesenteric artery occlusive disease may cause pain after eating (intestinal angina) and weight loss. In general, two of the three enteric vessels (coeliac axis, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery) must be occluded to produce symptoms and other intestinal disorders must be excluded before treatment with PTA, endarterectomy or bypass.
Impact of Three Methods of Ischemic Preconditioning on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a Pig Model of Liver Transplantation
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Alessandro Rodrigo Belon, Ana Cristina Aoun Tannuri, Daniel de Albuquerque Rangel Moreira, Jose Luiz Figueiredo, Alessandra Matheus da Silva, Suellen Serafini, Raimundo Renato Guimarães, Caroline Silverio Faria, Alcione Sanches de Alexandre, Josiane Oliveira Gonçalves, Vitor Ribeiro Paes, Uenis Tannuri
IPC can be direct at the target organ or indirect (remote). Direct ischemic preconditioning (DIPC) has the disadvantage of causing mechanical stress to the main vascular structures of the organ [6]. In remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC), the procedure is applied to another organ, with the protective effect on the target organ being exerted by biochemical mediators activated at a distance and carried by the blood stream, without direct stress or trauma to the organ [7]. The effect of RIPC was first demonstrated on the myocardium of rats submitted to renal IPC [6]. So far, there is no consensus about the best method of RIPC, i.e., the number of I/R cycles, the effective I/R time required to trigger the protective stimulus, and the choice of the I/R site to maximize the beneficial effects of IPC with the least possible damage to the body. However, notwithstanding these unanswered questions, the short-term occlusion of the mesenteric artery has been proven of great importance, with positive effects on several organs [6].
Moringa oleifera leaf extract induces vasorelaxation via endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization and calcium channel blockade in mesenteric arterial beds isolated from L-NAME hypertensive rats
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2020
Direk Aekthammarat, Patchareewan Pannangpetch, Panot Tangsucharit
The isolated, perfused mesenteric arterial bed of each test rat was prepared as previously described (11). Briefly, L-NAME hypertensive rats were euthanized using pentobarbital sodium (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and exsanguination. The superior mesenteric artery was cannulated with a polyethylene IV catheter (Nipro-22G) and gently flushed with Krebs solution containing heparin (100 U/ml, 10 ml). Mesenteric arterial beds were removed from the abdominal cavity and were then carefully separated from the gut. Only four main branches of the arterial beds from the superior mesenteric trunk running to the terminal ileum were perfused while all other branches, including the ileocolic, colic, and pancreatico-duodenal branches of the superior mesenteric artery, were ligated and the intestinal loop was removed.
How to manage chronic mesenteric ischemia? A deliberated strategy
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2020
Hendrik Van Damme, Evelyne Boesmans, Etienne Creemers, Jean-Olivier Defraigne
One should resist the temptation to treat endovascularly an asymptomatic stenosis of the coeliac or superior mesenteric artery, often an incidental finding on abdominal computed tomography. Splanchnic vasculature is characterised by its plasticity and rich collateral network between the three main mesenterial vessels [21]. A solitary mesenteric artery stenosis is often well tolerated and does not routinely requires a revascularisation procedure [13]. Only asymptomatic significant three-vessel mesenteric artery stenoses can be considered for prophylactic repair [22]. It is also reasonable to perform repair of a single asymptomatic, but severe, mesenteric artery stenosis concomitantly with open aortic reconstruction [22]. The risk of over-use of mesenteric artery stenting recalls to mind the unjustified over-enthusiasm for early elective stent-grafting of small abdominal aortic aneurysms [23]. Asymptomatic stenosis of coeliac or superior mesenteric artery is rather common (30% of 75-year-old patients according large autopsy studies [24,25] and 18% of adults older than the age of 65 years [26]. At the other hand, symptomatic mesenterial stenosis, causing chronic mesenteric ischemia is uncommon (0.03% prevalence) [27].