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Investigation of Sudden Cardiac Death
Published in Mary N. Sheppard, Practical Cardiovascular Pathology, 2022
There may or may not be scarring in the left ventricle. 4a. Hypertensive heart disease.
Explanations for the emergence of the coronary heart disease pandemic
Published in William G. Rothstein, The Coronary Heart Disease Pandemic in the Twentieth Century, 2017
Hypertension and diabetes have been proven to be important risk factors for coronary heart disease in individuals but they did not contribute to the rise of the coronary heart disease pandemic. The number of cases of coronary heart disease that occurred in persons with either of the two conditions was small. In 1955, of the 469,000 deaths that listed arteriosclerotic heart disease as the underlying cause, only 11 percent listed hypertensive disease as an associated cause and only 4 percent listed diabetes. Mortality rates from both hypertensive disease and its subcategory of hypertensive heart disease decreased steadily from 1949 to 1960 for white men, white women, nonwhite men, and nonwhite women in all age groups from 35-44 to 65-74. Mortality rates from diabetes decreased steadily from 1940 to 1960 for both white men and women in each age group from 35-44 to 65-74. Mortality rates from diabetes for nonwhite men and women of the same ages either decreased or remained the same from 1940 to the early 1950s and then increased to 1960.14 Mortality rates from diabetes during this period were higher among women than men, but men had much higher coronary heart disease mortality rates than women.
Common echo requests
Published in Andrew R. Houghton, MAKING SENSE of Echocardiography, 2013
Echo assessment is appropriate for patients with suspected hypertensive heart disease, but not as a routine screening tool in uncomplicated hypertension. When performing an echo in hypertension, look for aortic coarctation (Chapter 28) and for end-organ damage as a consequence of the hypertension: LVH and diastolic dysfunctionLV dilatation and systolic dysfunctionAortic root dilatation and aortic regurgitation.
The association between serum ferritin and blood pressure in adult women: a large cross-sectional study
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2022
Andong He, Xiaofeng Yang, Yuzhen Ding, Lu Sun, Meiting Shi, Ruiman Li
High blood pressure often acts as a predisposing factor of some diseases, such as hypertensive heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure (1). Recently, hypertension has been one of the most-often diagnosed diseases whose incidence and prevalence are rising worldwide. According to a systematic analysis published in 2018 in Lancet, hypertension accounts for 10.4 million deaths and 218 million disability-adjusted life-years (2). Moreover, it also brings much economic burden since the healthcare costs related to this disease is close to $131 billion and the annual healthcare expenditure of patients with hypertension is approximately $2000 higher compared with the individuals without hypertensive (3). Therefore, more studies on the risk factors for hypertension are of major public health importance.
Left ventricular long-axis ultrasound strain (GLS) is an ideal indicator for patients with anti-hypertension treatment
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2022
Tingting Wu, Lulu Zheng, Saidan Zhang, Lan Duan, Jing Ma, Lihuang Zha, Lingfang Li
Primary hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hypertensive heart disease and heart failure are serious consequences of damage to important target organs by hypertension. Therefore, early treatment of hypertension is particularly important to prevent the occurrence and development of heart failure (1). Blood pressure regulation is a complex pathophysiological process, which is related to many factors such as sympathetic nerve excitation, vascular endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (2). In the early stage, the body maintained normal pump function of the heart through neurohumoral regulation. However, long-term hypertension can cause a sustained increase in left ventricular load, which result in an increase in left ventricular filling pressure. In order to maintain normal cardiac function, the myocardial cells compensate for contraction and thicken the wall. This is left ventricular hypertrophy or ventricular remodeling (3). Previous studies have shown that left ventricular diastolic reduction (diastolic function) is earlier than the changes in left ventricular morphology and systolic function in early hypertension (4). Therefore, the treatment and follow-up evaluation of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in early hypertension is an important issue for clinical and scientific research.
Overview of trends in cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors in Fiji
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2018
R. Taylor, S. Lin, C. Linhart, S. Morrell
The three established modifiable risk factors for atherosclerotic CVD, high blood pressure, tobacco smoking and elevated plasma lipid levels, along with adult onset (Type 2) diabetes (T2DM), lead to tissue infarction and/or haemorrhage. This pathology produces the clinical manifestations of: (1) coronary heart disease, including myocardial infarction, angina, cardiac failure and arrhythmias; (2) cerebrovascular disease, including stroke (cerebral infarction or haemorrhage) and transient ischaemic attacks; and (3) peripheral vascular disease, especially in the legs, producing intermittent claudication with exercise which can progress to gangrene and other complications. Sustained high blood pressure can also lead directly to hypertensive heart disease and cardiac failure and to hypertensive nephropathy and failure. Diabetes mellitus causes metabolic complications (ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar states) and specific microvascular complications, particularly: retinopathy (and blindness), nephropathy (and renal failure) and neuropathy; and, importantly, is a risk factor for atherosclerotic CVD.