China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Fetal arrhythmias
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Júlia Hajdú, Valéria Váradi, Zoltán Papp
The most common fetal rhythm anomaly is the irregular rhythm. The causes of irregular rhythm could be most often premature atrial contractions (PACs), premature ventricular contractions, or tachyarrhythmias with AV block.
Arrhythmias in Pregnancy
Published in Afshan B. Hameed, Diana S. Wolfe, Cardio-Obstetrics, 2020
Dana Senderoff Berger, Lee Brian Padove
PVCs and premature atrial contractions (PACs) are common in pregnancy [3,4] and typically run a benign course. The exception may be very frequent PVCs. Rhythm monitoring is indicated to establish the burden of arrhythmia to help guide therapy. PACs are quite common in both symptomatic (59%) and asymptomatic pregnant patients (50%) [3]. However, treatment is only recommended if symptoms are intolerable. Symptoms typically improve or resolve in the postpartum period.
Supraventricular rhythms
Published in Andrew R Houghton, Making Sense of the ECG, 2019
Ectopic beats appear earlier than expected and can arise from any region of the heart (usually being classified into atrial, AV junctional and ventricular ectopics). Atrial ectopic beats are also called atrial extrasystoles, atrial premature complexes (APCs), atrial premature beats (APBs) or premature atrial contractions (PACs).
A review of arrhythmia detection based on electrocardiogram with artificial intelligence
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Jinlei Liu, Zhiyuan Li, Yanrui Jin, Yunqing Liu, Chengliang Liu, Liqun Zhao, Xiaojun Chen
According to the American Heart Association statistics, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become the primary cause of death in the world [1]. Due to irregular and unhealthy lifestyles, patients with CVDs tend to become younger. The early symptoms of most CVDs are irregular heartbeats, also known as arrhythmia. Arrhythmia is generated by the disordered electrical activity of the heart, and some arrhythmia such as ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) can be life-threatening [2]. In addition, atrial fibrillation (AF), atrial flutter (AFL), premature ventricular contraction (PVC), premature atrial contraction (PAC), paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), and bradycardia are also common types of arrhythmia [3]. Therefore, rapid detection and accurate diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmia are particularly essential.
Cryoballoon ablation beyond pulmonary vein isolation in the setting of persistent atrial fibrillation
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Vincenzo Miraglia, Antonio Bisignani, Luigi Pannone, Saverio Iacopino, Gian-Battista Chierchia, Carlo de Asmundis
Non-PV triggers initiating AF have been described in up to 10–15% of unselected patients referred for AF ablation, regardless of the AF type [22]. However, their prevalence increased (up to 80%) when extrapulmonary ectopic beats initiating non-sustained runs of atrial tachyarrhythmias are considered [15]. The definition of non-PV triggers has been initially restricted only to those causing AF. However, other investigators have broadened the definition including premature atrial contractions with a requirement for a specific frequency (typically>10/min), that can be a target for ablation. Thus, it is controversial whether premature atrial contractions that do not directly trigger AF need to be ablated to improve outcomes and prevent recurrences [23]. A standard protocol to elicit non-PV triggers has been defined. Specifically, if the patients presents in AF, cardioversion is performed; isoproterenol infusion (starting at 3 μg and incrementing every 3–5 minutes to 6, 12, and 20–30 μg on the basis of the heart rate response) is started; AF is induced with rapid atrial burst and post-cardioversion ectopic atrial beat eliciting AF is targeted [24].
Supraventricular tachycardia with the use of phentermine: case report and review of literature
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2021
Sundeep Kumar, Akhil Mogalapalli, Ruthvik Srinivasamurthy, Sayed T. Hussain, Philip L. Mar
AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a type of SVT originating from above the bundle of His. It results from a reentry circuit in or around the AV node, produced by two distinct pathways, designated as a slow and fast pathway. The slow-fast or typical AVNRT is the most common form of this arrhythmia. The circuit consists of anterograde conduction down the slow pathway with retrograde conduction up the fast pathway. Under normal circumstances (sinus rhythm), the impulse progresses down both pathways, but the impulse propagating down the fast pathway will reach the end of the AV node first, rendering the end of the slow pathway refractory before progressing into the bundle of His. AVNRT can occur because of differences in the rate of recovery for each pathway (refractory period). While the slow pathway conducts slower than the fast pathway, it ‘recharges’ or repolarizes faster than the fast pathway. Thus, this arrhythmia can be initiated if a critically timed premature atrial contraction sends an impulse down the slow pathway while the fast pathway is still refractory. In this scenario, when the impulse conducts down the slow pathway only, it can conduct retrogradely up the fast pathway once it reaches the end of the AV node if the fast pathway has recovered, setting up a reentry loop back down the slow pathway, all within the AV node, until something perturbs the cycle, such as carotid massage, Valsalva maneuvers, or IV adenosine [21].