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Thermal Physiology and Thermoregulation
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
After passing through the dilated glomus or arteriolar shunts in the skin, the warm blood is carried by superficial veins where it can dissipate heat to the external surroundings. In the upper extremity, the majority of the warmed blood flows in multiple subdermal veins up to the elbow, where these superficial veins coalesce into the basilic vein. This large vein dives to meet the deeper brachial veins, which continue between the biceps and triceps muscles up to the shoulder, too deep to be detected thermographically. The cephalic vein, however, may sometimes be visualized, coursing up the lateral upper arm and across the anterior shoulder.
Vascular Access
Published in James Michael Forsyth, How to Be a Safe Consultant Vascular Surgeon from Day One, 2023
What if the cephalic vein at the antecubital fossa was only 2 mm in diameter? Would you be happy with this?“No. For myself, I would only really accept a brachiocephalic fistula if the cephalic vein was >2.5 mm. In fact, I would prefer it even bigger.”
Upper Limb
Published in Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott, Applied Anatomy for the FRCA, 2020
Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott
Superficial venous systemThe dorsum of the hand displays the dorsal venous network which drain into the cephalic and basilic veins on the lateral and medial side, respectively.The cephalic vein ascends on the lateral side of the forearm and arm and it passes through the deltopectoral groove in the shoulder before emptying into the axillary vein.The basilic vein runs posteromedially to pass anterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus. In the arm, it pierces the brachial fascia and joins the paired deep brachial veins to form the axillary vein.The median cubital vein connects the cephalic and basilic veins anterior to the cubital fossa.
Contemporary review of management techniques for cephalic arch stenosis in hemodialysis
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Gift Echefu, Shivangi Shivangi, Ramanath Dukkipati, Jon Schellack, Damodar Kumbala
The Cephalic vein is part of the upper extremity’s superficial venous system. It originates in the anatomical snuffbox from the radial aspect of the superficial venous network of the dorsum of the hand. Coursing along the anterolateral forearm to the elbow, it communicates with the basilic veins via median ante-cubital veins. It then courses along the lateral aspect of the biceps toward the pectoralis major muscle as it enters the deltopectoral groove (a triangular space formed by the adjacent borders of the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles Figure 2). It then passes under the clavicle, turning sharply to pierce the clavipectoral fascia terminating as the axillary vein. The cephalic arch refers to the final arch of the cephalic vein before it drains into the first part of the axillary vein.
Immersion ultrasonography improves the repeatability of cephalic vein diameter measurements for inexperienced operators
Published in Renal Failure, 2022
Zhijun Zhang, Shu He, Hui Wang, Yu Zhong, Hairong Zou, Xuan Gao
At different time points, the two operators used contact ultrasound and immersion ultrasound to perform ultrasound examination of the cephalic vein in the 48 patients, measuring the diameter of the cephalic vein at the mark. The specific operation was as follows: operator 1 used contact ultrasound to measure the diameter of each cephalic vein. This was the first measurement result of operator 1. Then, operator 2 used the contact ultrasound method to obtain the first measurement result of operator 2. After resting for 10 min, operators 1 and 2 repeated the abovementioned contact ultrasound inspection to obtain the second contact ultrasound measurement results. Four sets of data were obtained. After 30 min of rest, the two operators used immersion ultrasound to measure the internal diameter of the cephalic vein in all subjects. The process was the same as that described above, and four sets of immersion ultrasound measurement data were obtained. The two operators were not involved in the data analysis.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia presenting as recurrent venous and arterial thrombotic events: a case report and review of the literature
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2021
Kira MacDougall, Divya Chukkalore, Maryam Rehan, Meena Kashi, Alexander Bershadskiy
To further evaluate the patient’s neutropenia, human immunodeficiency virus was tested and was negative. JAK-2 mutation was negative. Flow cytometry, which included cytogenetics, was negative for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria but revealed t(15;17)(q26;q25), consistent with APL. The patient underwent a bone marrow biopsy which demonstrated diffuse infiltration of abnormal promyelocytes (Figure 3(a-c)). Before treatment for APL could be initiated, the patient developed left lower extremity and right upper extremity pain. Ultrasonography revealed thrombosis of the right cephalic vein, left basilic vein, and a superficial thrombosis of the left great saphenous vein. International normalized ratio was therapeutic at 2.80. Patient was transitioned from coumadin back to unfractionated heparin. Aspirin was discontinued due to the high-risk of bleeding.