China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Liver resection
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Rebecka L. Meyers, Zachary Kastenberg, Max Langham
Intravenous access and monitoring. Central venous catheter for monitoring and for fluid resuscitation and two large bore peripheral catheters. Groin or lower extremity lines should be avoided due to potential need for intraoperative clamping of the IVC. An upper extremity arterial line is highly recommended for continuous arterial pressure monitoring.
The patient with acute cardiovascular problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Fluids that may be given to patients by intravenous (IV) infusion may be: Isotonic (having the same concentrations as body cells).Hypertonic (having a higher concentration than body cells)Hypotonic (having a lower concentration than body cells).
Oncology
Published in Roy Palmer, Diana Wetherill, Medicine for Lawyers, 2020
Chemotherapy is the administration of cytotoxic drugs in an attempt to cure or palliate cancer. Most chemotherapy is given intravenously, although some oral agents are now being used. Chemotherapy may be given by an intravenous injection of one or, more frequently, several agents. It is usually given in courses, normally 2–4 weeks apart, and the patient may need to have six or more courses. A combination of several chemotherapy agents may also be combined with other drugs, such as steroids, in the treatment regime.
HI-6-loaded PEGylated liposomes: an on-site first-aid strategy for acute organophosphorus agent poisoning
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Liao Shen, Yadan Zhang, Qimei Cai, Jun Yang, Yongan Wang, Dongqin Quan
The current treatment strategy is to relieve acute symptoms by administration of a muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor antagonist and an anticonvulsant drug, as well as oxime antidotes to restore AChE function (Hulse et al., 2019). Oxime AChE reactivators have been widely studied and proven to be effective in reactivating phosphorylated AChE (Kuca et al., 2010; Acharya et al., 2011; Gupta & Ghosh, 2013; Kovarik et al., 2013). Among these antidotes, HI-6 is one of the most promising reactivators against OP poisoning. HI-6 has good effects on reactivating AChE that inhibited by many nerve agents, in terms of soman, sarin and cyclosarin (Koplovitz & Stewart, 1994; Cassel & Fosbraey, 1996; Lundy et al., 2005; Myhrer et al., 2018; Reymond et al., 2018). Although HI-6 exerts a powerful effect in in vitro experiments, the treatment effect of HI-6 is still unsatisfactory due to its very fast clearance rate in plasma (Ligtenstein & Kossen, 1983; Myhrer et al., 2018). Furthermore, poor stability in plasma inevitably leads to low-level drug distribution in the CNS, leaving serious brain damage unsettled (Myhrer et al., 2018). Intravenous infusion is an effective way to achieve stable drug concentration in blood, but this method requires the support of professional medical personnel and medical equipment which are not easy to approach during wars or other emergency situations.
Increasing trend in enterococcal bacteraemia and vancomycin resistance in a tertiary care hospital in Croatia, 2017–2021
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2023
Zrinka Todorić, Ivana Majdandžić, Tea Keretić Kregar, Zoran Herljević, Mario Ćorić, Joško Lešin, Tomislav Kuliš, Ivana Mareković
Community-acquired enterococcal bacteraemia was defined as a positive blood culture obtained at the time of hospital admission or within 48 h after hospital admission for patients who did not fit the criteria for a health care-associated infection. Healthcare-associated enterococcal bacteraemia was defined as a positive blood culture obtained from a patient who had been hospitalised for 48 h or longer or had one of the following conditions: (a) hospitalised in an acute care hospital for two or more days in the 90 days before the bacteraemic episode, (b) received intravenous therapy at home, (c) received wound care or specialised nursing care through a health care agency, family, or friends, (d) had self-administered intravenous medical therapy in the 30 days before the bacteraemic episode, (e) attended a hospital or haemodialysis clinic or received intravenous chemotherapy in the 30 days before the bacteraemic episode and/or (f) resided in a nursing home or other long-term care facility [19].
Advances with pharmacotherapy for the treatment of interstitial lung disease
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2022
Alessia Comes, Giacomo Sgalla, Alessandro Perrotta, Luca Richeldi
Cyclophosphamide (CYC) is an alkylating agent with multiple effects on T cells, and is one of the recommended treatments for Ssc, in particular for lung involvement due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which may prevent fibrosis. CYC can be administered orally (PO) or intravenously (IV) with immunomodulatory effects by depletion of T and B cells and suppression of autoantibody production [57]. Between oral and intravenous administration, the common experience is to use IV, monthly dosing for 6 months, rather than daily oral administration. The preference for intravenous therapy is based on the need to reduce the cumulative dose and exposure duration while minimizing long-term risks. Intravenous administration showed a lower cumulative dose, less frequent adverse effects, and the ability to ensure adequate hydration prior to administration, in order to reduce the risk of bladder toxicity [58].