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Optimizing Aesthetic Toxin Treatments by Proper Toxin Reconstitution
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Optimizing Aesthetic Toxin Results, 2022
Jürgen Frevert, Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Jürgen Frevert, Yates Yen-Yu Chao
The injection of products reconstituted with saline as recommended can cause injection-site pain (“pricking”). It can be demonstrated that the pain results from the low pH of the saline (the products are not buffered) (Dressler et al. 2016). The authors reconstituted off label with a buffered solution (Ringer acetate) and found the same efficacy, but no injection-site pain was reported by the patients. Some physicians reconstitute off label with antibacterial saline containing benzoyl alcohol. It was reported that injection-site pain was also reduced with this solution with no reduction of efficacy (Alam et al. 2002), suggesting that the pH of this diluent is also neutral. Reconstitution with lidocaine (off label) can also reduce injection-site pain (Güleç 2012, Vadoud-Seyedi & Simonart 2007).
Infection prevention and control
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
The choice of wound dressing depends on many factors (see Chapter 13). The wound care required for each wound, including type of dressing, frequency of dressing change and cleansing agent, should be clearly documented in the care plan. If tape is needed, it should be hypoallergenic, in good condition and clean. If needed, sterile scissors must be used to cut dressings to the required size. Some wounds may need cleansing; Chapter 13 discusses when and how to cleanse wounds. As both James and Mrs. Lewis have heavily exudating wounds due to their infections, cleansing will be necessary. A sterile solution such as normal saline may be used to clean and irrigate the wound, if indicated.
Integrative Allergy and Asthma for Traditional Practice
Published in Pudupakkam K Vedanthan, Harold S Nelson, Shripad N Agashe, PA Mahesh, Rohit Katial, Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician, 2021
William S Silvers, Heidi Bailey
Nasal saline irrigation originates from the Hindu practice of Ayurveda. The use of nasal saline irrigation utilizing sterile, distilled or previously boiled water to make an isotonic or hypertonic saline solution for nasal washes may be helpful for moisturizing the nasal passages, removing nasal debris, thinning nasal mucus and increasing mucociliary clearance (Khianey and Oppenheimer 2012).
A method for studying lipid adsorption to silicone hydrogel contact lenses
Published in Biofouling, 2021
Contact lenses were removed from their packaging solutions (n = 10 for each lens type) and washed three times in phosphate buffer saline (PBS; NaCl 8.0 g l−1, KCl 0.2 g l−1, Na2HPO4 1.15 g l−1, KH2PO4 0.2 g l−1, pH = 7.4). Lenses were soaked individually in 1 ml of the standard lipid solution in methanol in small glass vials (4 ml, Screw Neck Vial 45 × 14.7 mm, Thermo Scientific, Sydney, Australia). Vials were wrapped in aluminium foil to exclude light and were incubated for 14 h at 34.5 °C with rocking to mimic an average day of wear of contact lenses. After incubation, lenses were removed from the lipid solution and washed once with PBS. Subsequently contact lenses were moved to new small glass vials (4 ml, Screw Neck Vial 45 × 14.7 mm, Thermo Scientific).
Intramuscular cobinamide as an antidote to methyl mercaptan poisoning
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2021
Tara B. Hendry-Hofer, Patrick C. Ng, Alison M. McGrath, Kirsten Soules, David S. Mukai, Adriano Chan, Joseph K. Maddry, Carl W. White, Jangwoen Lee, Sari B. Mahon, Matthew Brenner, Gerry R. Boss, Vikhyat S. Bebarta
There are several limitations to our study. First, no animal model mimics human exposures exactly. However, swine have a similar size, cardiovascular system, and physiology to humans and make an excellent choice to model human toxicity (Swindle et al. 2012, 2012). Second, the animals in this study were anesthetized, as required by our IACUC, which could have affected the animals’ response to the methyl mercaptan gas. However, we used intravenous rather than inhaled anesthesia to reduce pulmonary effects and interactions with the inhaled methyl mercaptan gas, and we used the same anesthesia protocol in control and treated animals. Third, although the animals did not receive ventilatory support during the exposure and treatment periods, the animals were intubated. An intubated model was needed to achieve a high dose exposure and maintain the safety of laboratory personnel, and intubation itself is unlikely to have a substantial effect on response to cobinamide compared to similary intubated control animals. Fourth, in an effort to minimize the number of animals used we compared cobinamide treatment to animals receiving no treatment. It seemed unlikely than an injection of 2 mL of saline would have an effect, and it did not seem necessary, since it would not happen in humans. Fifth, pathology was not included in this study; however, we plan to evaluate it in future studies. And sixth, the observation period following cobinamide treatment was short, but for our primary outcome of survival, the observation period was adequate.
A New Procedure in Bone Engineering Using Induced Adipose Tissue
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Randa Alfotawi, Mona Elsafadi, Manikandan Muthurangan, Abdul-Aziz Siyal, Musaad Alfayez, Amer A. Mahmmod
Forty male inbred Sprague-Dawley transgenic rats (250–450 g) were obtained from the College of Food and Agriculture Sciences and housed in a dedicated animal research facility under veterinary supervision. An intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (50 mg/kg), xylazine (6 mg/kg), and acepromazine (1 mg/kg) was used to anesthetize the animals before surgery. The abdomen was shaved and disinfected. A local anesthetic was then administered and a skin incision made, followed by dissection through the subcutaneous tissue. When fat tissue was observed, the prepared construct was injected, and the wound was sutured in layers using 3-0 Vicryl sutures. Subsequently, 10% oxytetracyclin solution (0.2 mL/kg) and subcutaneous meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) were administered postoperatively. Subcutaneous normal saline was given to prevent dehydration. The rats were transferred to holding cages after a full recovery. The activities of the rats were monitored daily, and the operated site was monitored for any bleeding or signs of infection.