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YAG Laser
Published in Anita Prasad, Laser Techniques in Ophthalmology, 2022
Capsulotomy is done using the Q-switched Nd-YAG laser (wavelength 1064 nm), in the photo-disruptor mode. This delivers a high level of energy in a short pulse, at the target area, ionizing cells and surrounding fluid to create a plasma bubble, which expands and collapses, generating forward moving acoustic shockwaves that disrupt nearby tissues (posterior capsule, IOL) – photomechanical effect. Posterior offset (+100–350 μm) is used to prevent IOL pitting.Contact lens use helps stabilize the eye, magnify the view, improve focus, and reduce treatment power needed. A contact lens makes the procedure safer by increasing the cone angle from 16° to 24°.
Measuring and monitoring vital signs
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Always note whether a person is wearing contact lenses or has a false eye because these conditions will affect the results. In Figure 4.8, both the left and right pupils have been recorded as 4B, meaning that the pupils are approximately 4 mm in size and react to light briskly (Figure 4.8).
The Special Sense Organs and Their Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Treatment for cataracts varies from frequent changes in eyeglasses to compensate for gradual vision loss, to surgery in which the lens is removed and replaced with an artificial lens. Removal of the entire lens is termed an intracapsular extraction, while extracapsular extraction denotes retention of the posterior portion of the lens capsule. Phacoemulsification is a technique utilizing ultrasonic vibration to disintegrate the lens for aspiration. A combination of the artificial lens and bifocal glasses or contact lenses is used to restore focusing ability. Refractive errors and unilateral aphakia (absence of the crystalline lens) can also be treated with corneal contact leases.
Perceptions of potential barriers to soft contact lens wear among university students in Jordan
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2023
Mera F Haddad, May M Bakkar, Mohammad Al Qadire
Compared to spectacles, contact lenses provide many benefits. These include better field of view, since there is no obstruction in the field of vision that could possibly be caused by frames when wearing spectacles. Contact lenses are also considered a better solution to correct high refractive errors and irregular astigmatism through providing better visual performance, reducing spherical aberration and prismatic effect associated with high refractive error.7 Contact lenses also enhance peripheral vision through lens movement during eye rotation.8 Additionally, they are more comfortable than spectacles as they do not bear any weight on the face and ears beside the preferred cosmetic appearance achieved with contact lenses compared to spectacles.9,10 Quality of life for children and teens has been greatly improved with contact lenses compared to spectacles. Contact lenses improve how children feel about their appearance, and increase participation in physical activities and social acceptance, resulting in greater satisfaction of their refractive error correction.10–12
Association between atopic dermatitis and conjunctivitis in adults: a population-based study in the United States
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Kevin K. Wu, Andrea J. Borba, Pierce H. Deng, April W. Armstrong
Conjunctivitis can be diagnosed with a detailed patient history and eye examination (7). Hyperemia of the eye is a hallmark symptom of conjunctivitis. Other symptoms of conjunctivitis may include pain, pruritus, and eye discharge. In bacterial, viral, and allergic conjunctivitis, pain is usually mild or absent. In a patient with continuous watery or serous discharge and pruritus, the diagnosis is most likely allergic conjunctivitis. Treatment for allergic conjunctivitis includes topical agents such as histamine receptor antagonists, mast cell stabilizers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and corticosteroids. Patients with allergic conjunctivitis should avoid allergens by limiting outdoor exposure and keeping windows closed. Contact lens wearers should avoid putting on lenses during episodes of allergic conjunctivitis because doing so may trap allergens and exacerbate symptoms. In a patient with continuous watery or serous discharge without pruritus, the diagnosis is most likely viral conjunctivitis. Treatment for viral conjunctivitis is supportive and includes cold compresses, artificial tears, and topical ocular decongestants. In a patient with continuous and purulent discharge, the cause is most likely bacterial. Treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis is also supportive because most patients with bacterial conjunctivitis improve after two to five days without antibiotics (7). If the patient reports moderate to severe pain, photophobia, or blurred vision, an emergent ophthalmology referral is appropriate.
The ocular surface, coronaviruses and COVID‐19
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2020
Mark Dp Willcox, Karen Walsh, Jason J Nichols, Philip B Morgan, Lyndon W Jones
The authors conducted a recent review of the literature which indicates that contact lens wear is still a safe form of vision correction, as long as wearers continue to use good hygiene practices.8 However, it is clear that much of the speculation regarding the potential to transmit SARS‐CoV‐2 to and from the ocular surface has not been based on an analysis of the available literature. Hence, the authors have conducted a thorough literature search in this area, and an assessment of this literature is presented in this review, particularly focusing on what is known about the ability of coronaviruses to adhere to ocular surface cells, the presence of coronaviruses at the ocular surface and the association of conjunctivitis with COVID‐19.