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Myocardial Infarction/Heart Attack
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
The most common complications of a heart attack are heart failure, cardiogenic shock, arrythmias including ventricular fibrillation, and sudden death. According to the American Heart Association, an abrupt loss of heart function, or sudden cardiac arrest, resulting from an MI-induced arrhythmia is the most common cause of death in the U.S.
Natural Products in the Treatment of Unremitting Wounds Secondary to Diabetes or Peripheral Vascular Disease
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
There remains a high economic cost of diabetes, which accounts for approximately 10% of all healthcare expenditure (International Diabetes Federation, 2015). People with diabetes will spend 2–5 times more on healthcare in their lifetime than people without diabetes (Tabish, 2007). One study projected the global cost of diabetes to be 1.31 trillion US dollars in 2015 alone (Bommer et al., 2017). In addition to the economic costs, there is a significant social cost to diabetes. Diabetes can lead to an extensive risk to a person’s overall health. Heart disease, stroke, blindness, kidney damage and nerve damage are common secondary complications of diabetes. Microvascular and macrovascular disease are common, with cardiovascular complications as a leading cause of mortality among people with diabetes (Zheng, Ley, and Hu, 2018). Diabetes and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are closely linked since diabetes is a known risk factor for developing arteriosclerosis and PAD (Murabito, D’Agostino, Silbershatz, and Wilson, 1997).
Stroke
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
Complicating conditions occurring while in hospital after an acute stroke are common. Some degree of haemorrhagic transformation may be detected on follow-up brain imaging in around one-third of people with ischaemic stroke, but most are asymptomatic. It is thought to be more common after large-sized infarcts than smaller ones. Common complications of stroke include delirium, incontinence, constipation, pressure ulcers and falls. The management of these conditions is discussed within the relevant chapters of this book. Fatigue is a frequent complaint after stroke but may improve with time. Sexual intercourse is safe after a stroke and can be resumed as soon as the person feels ready.
The use of self-management strategies for stroke rehabilitation: a scoping review
Published in Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 2023
Md. Sazedur Rahman, Wenbo Peng, Jon Adams, David Sibbritt
In 2019, there were more than 101 million stroke survivors worldwide, with 12.2 million new cases and 6.55 million new deaths.1 The absolute number of stroke incidence continues to rise for several reasons, including increased average life expectancy, population growth in the majority of countries, and the increased prevalence of potential risk factors for stroke such as obesity, unhealthy diet, and low physical activity.1–4 This increase of stroke survivors places a significant burden on healthcare systems.1–4 Although stroke is a sudden-onset acute cerebrovascular event, there are numerous long-term physical and mental complications associated with this life-changing event, such as impaired movement,5 fatigue,5,6 poor concentration,5 falls,5 loss of function of upper limb,7 problems with swallowing,7 aphasia,8 seizure,9 anxiety,10–12 confusion,11 and depression.10–12 Many stroke survivors require help for basic daily tasks.13–17
The effects of pomegranate peel extract on the gene expressions of antioxidant enzymes in a rat model of alloxan-induced diabetes
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Shahrokh Bagheri, Reza Mohammadrezaei Khorramabadi, Vahideh Assadollahi, Peyman Khosravi, Ahmad Cheraghi Venol, Saeed Veiskerami, Hassan Ahmadvand
The chronic complications of diabetes are primary causes of disability and early mortality in people. The main complications of diabetes are metabolic and vascular (Chawla et al. 2016). Antioxidants in foods are powerful supplements that can reduce oxidative stress, and there is evidence that diets rich in antioxidants alleviate oxidative stress in patients with diabetes, especially those with type 2 diabetes (Lin et al. 2016). Numerous studies have shown that pomegranates play a central role in reducing diabetes-related complications such as nephropathy (Mollazadeh et al. 2016), and retinopathy and cataracts (Nabavi et al. 2015). This study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects of APE in a rat model of diabetes. Our findings showed that APE treatment could probably delay or prevent kidney damage by modulating serum glucose, urea, creatinine, MDA, and GSH levels, as well as gene expressions of antioxidant enzymes (GPx, CAT, and SOD) in the kidneys.
Optimization of pleural multisite anesthetic technique during CT-guide microwave ablation of peripheral lung malignancy for improving treatment tolerance
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2022
Hao Hu, Fulei Gao, Jinhe Guo, Gaojun Teng, Zhi Wang, Bo Zhai, Rong Liu, Jiachang Chi
The development of intraoperative pain during the MWA results in a more technically challenging procedure, and quick-acting analgesic should necessitate hospital admission. Various technical approaches have been published to reduce the incidence of pain, with a focus on reduction of the pleural stimulation. In 2005, Yasui et al. found that epidural anesthesia could not reduce the incidence of severe pain during ablation [9]. In a review of the literature, general anesthesia was found to be used for thermal ablation in approximately half of the centers involved in the studies reviewed. General anesthesia could be associated with various complications and additional expenditure [10]. A number of subsequent studies have reported variable results on the effects of artificial pneumothorax during ablation [11,12]. Artificial pneumothorax is demonstrated to thermal ablation for relieving chest pain and protecting the mediastina and the chest wall [13]; however, studies using this technique may not achieve the satisfactory safety [14–19]. Artificial pneumothorax need compress the pulmonary parenchyma and decrease alveolar air. Decreased alveolar air can alter electrical and thermal conductivity, affecting the ablation zone. Patients with pleural adhesions occurring after pulmonary surgery or lung cancer radiotherapy are also not suitable for this therapy.